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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

        Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

        Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

        Common Stock ($1.00 par value)
(Title of Class)

        Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes ý    No o

        Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    o

        The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of March 25, 2002 was $776,765,000 based on the closing sales price of the stock on such date.

        As of March 25, 2002, there were 25,903,870 shares of the Registrant's Common Stock outstanding.

        Portions of the following documents are incorporated by reference into the designated parts of this Form 10-K: (a) Annual Report to security holders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001 (in Parts I and II) and (b) Proxy Statement relating to the Company's 2002 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (in Part III).

CONTENTS

        Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward Looking Information

        Certain matters discussed in this report, excluding historical information, include forward-looking statements. Although International Bancshares Corporation (the "Company") believes such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, no assurance can be given that every objective will be reached. The words "estimate," "expect," "intend" and "project," as well as other words or expressions of similar meaning are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this annual report. Such statements are based on current expectations, are inherently uncertain, are subject to risks and should be viewed with caution. Actual results and experience may differ materially from the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors.

        Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any results that are projected, forecasted, estimated or budgeted by the Company in forward-looking statements include, among others the following possibilities: (I) changes in interest rates and market prices, which could reduce the Company's net interest margins, asset valuations and expense expectations, (II) changes in the capital markets utilized by the Company and its subsidiaries, including changes in the interest rate environment that may reduce margins, (III) changes in state and/or federal laws and regulations to which the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as their customers, competitors and potential competitors, are subject, including, without limitation, banking, tax, securities, insurance and employment laws and regulations, (IV) the loss of senior management or operating personnel, (V) increased competition from both within and without the banking industry, (VI) changes in local,

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national and international economic business conditions which adversely affect the Company's customers and their ability to transact profitable business with the Company, including the ability of its borrowers to repay their loans according to their terms or a change in the value of the related collateral, (VII) the timing, impact and other uncertainties of the Company's potential future acquisitions including the Company's ability to identify suitable potential future acquisition candidates, the success or failure in the integration of their operations, and the Company's ability to maintain its current branch network and to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities, (VIII) changes in the Company's ability to pay dividends on its Common Stock, (IX) the effects of the litigation pending with the Internal Revenue Service regarding the Company's lease financing transactions, and (X) changes in economic and business conditions which would adversely affect the value of the Company's investment in the Aircraft Finance Trust ("AFT"). It is not possible to foresee or identify all such factors. The Company makes no commitment to update any forward-looking statement, or to disclose any facts, events or circumstances after the date hereof that may affect the accuracy of any forward-looking statement, unless required by law.

Item 1. Business

General

        The Company is a financial holding company with its principal corporate offices in Laredo, Texas, four bank subsidiaries providing commercial and retail banking services through over 100 main banking and branch facilities located in 40 communities in South and Southeast Texas. The Company was originally incorporated under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware in 1979. Effective June 7, 1995, the Company's state of incorporation was changed from Delaware to Texas. The Company was organized for the purpose of operating as a bank holding company within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and as such, is subject to supervision and regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "FRB"). As a registered bank holding company, the Company may own one or more banks and may engage directly, or through subsidiary corporations, in those activities closely related to banking which are specifically permitted under the Bank Holding Company Act and by the FRB. Effective March 13, 2000, the Company became certified as a financial holding company. As a financial holding company, the company may engage in a broad list of financial and non-financial activities. The Company's principal assets at December 31, 2001 consisted of all the outstanding capital stock of four Texas state banking associations (the "Banks" or "bank subsidiaries"). All of the Company's bank subsidiaries are members of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

        The bank subsidiaries are in the business of gathering funds from various sources and investing these funds in order to earn a return. Funds gathering primarily takes the form of accepting demand and time deposits from individuals, partnerships, corporations and public entities. Investments principally are made in loans to various individuals and entities as well as in debt securities of the U.S. Government and various other entities whose payments are guaranteed by the U.S. Government. Historically, the bank subsidiaries have primarily focused on providing commercial banking services to small and medium sized businesses located in its trade area and international banking services. In recent years, the bank subsidiaries have also emphasized consumer and retail banking, including mortgage lending, as well as branches situated in retail locations and shopping malls.

        The Company's philosophy focuses on customer service as represented by its motto, "We Do More." The Banks maintain a strong commitment to their local communities by, among other things, appointing selected members of the communities in which the Banks branches are located to local advisory boards (the "local boards"). The local boards direct the operations of the branches, with the supervision of the lead Bank's board of directors, and assist in introducing prospective customers to the Banks as well as developing or modifying products and services to meet customer needs. The Banks function largely on a decentralized basis and the Company believes that such decentralized structure

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enhances the commitment of the Banks to the communities in which their branches are located. In contrast to many of its principal competitors, the credit decisions of the Banks are made locally and promptly. The Company believes that the knowledge and expertise afforded by the local boards are key components to sound credit decisions.

        Expense control is an essential element in the Company's profitability. The Company has centralized virtually all of the Banks' back office support and investment functions in order to achieve consistency and cost efficiencies in the delivery of products and services. The Company's efficiency ratio (other operating expenses divided by net interest income and other operating income) for the year ended December 31, 2001 was 50% and has been under 53% for each of the last five years, which the Company believes is well below national peer group ratios. One of the benefits derived from such operating efficiencies is that the Company is not subjected to undue pressure to generate interest income from high-risk loans. Accordingly, the Company believes it is able to be more selective and conservative with respect to its credit decisions. Despite this lack of economic pressure, the Banks aggressively pursue, with the help of the local boards, quality credits with an emphasis on loans to small and medium sized businesses. During 2001, net loans increased 18% over the corresponding 2000 period.

        On July 28, 1980, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of its predecessor, International Bank of Commerce ("IBC"), which is today the flagship bank of the Company, representing 83% of the Company's banking assets. IBC was chartered under the banking laws of Texas in 1966 and has its principal place of business at 1200 San Bernardo Avenue, Laredo, Webb County, Texas. It is a wholly- owned subsidiary of the Company. Since the acquisition of the flagship bank in 1980, the Company formed three banks and acquired $2,482,094,000 in assets and assumed $2,296,435,000 of deposits in numerous acquisition transactions, which totals are as of the acquisition date and do not take into account any runoff or other subsequent events. In addition to the acquisitions, IBC has also focused on deposit growth from its traditional banking activities.

        During the last several years, the Company has been an acquirer of financial institutions and banking assets in its trade area. The community focus of the subsidiary banks and the involvement of the local boards have resulted in the Company becoming aware of acquisition possibilities in the ordinary course of its business and in many instances before other potential purchasers. The Company's decision to pursue an acquisition is based on a multitude of factors, including the ability to efficiently assimilate the operations and assets of the acquired entity, the cost efficiencies to be attained and the growth potential of the market.

        Effective February 19, 1999, IBC purchased certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of the Laredo branch of Pacific Southwest Bank, Corpus Christi, Texas. IBC purchased loans of approximately $4,503,000 and assumed deposits of approximately $27,873,000 and received cash and other assets in the amount of approximately $23,432,000. The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase transaction. IBC recorded goodwill totaling $2,525,000.

        During 2000, IBC established an insurance agency subsidiary and acquired the assets of two insurance agencies in Texas. The acquisitions were accounted for as a purchase transaction. In connection with the acquisitions, IBC recorded goodwill totaling $3,003,000.

        Effective October 2, 2000, the Company purchased a controlling interest in the GulfStar Group, a Houston-based investment banking firm serving middle-market corporations primarily in Texas. The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase transaction. In connection with the acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill totaling $13,199,000.

        Effective February 16, 2001, IBC acquired the assets of First Equity Corporation, an Austin, Texas based mortgage company. The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase transaction. In connection with the acquisition, IBC recorded goodwill totaling $4,864,000.

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        Effective April 1, 2001, IBC through its insurance subsidiary, acquired the assets of Grove Agency Insurance, Inc., of Corpus Christi, Texas. The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase transaction. In connection with the acquisition, IBC recorded goodwill totaling $1,575,000.

        Effective December 31, 2001, the Company completed its acquisition of National Bancshares Corporation of Texas. The acquisition was effected through a tender offer by the Company's subsidiary, NBC Acquisitions Corp. ("NBC Acquisitions"), for all the outstanding shares of National Bancshares Corporation of Texas ("NBC"), followed by the merger of NBC Acquisitions with and into NBC. Additionally, on December 31, 2001, NBC's subsidiary commercial bank, NBC Bank, N.A. ("NBC Bank"), was merged with and into the Company's lead bank, IBC, and the three former NBC Bank branches located in Laredo, Texas were transferred to another subsidiary bank, Commerce Bank, Laredo, Texas. The acquisition of NBC was accounted for as a purchase transaction. In connection with the acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill and other intangibles totaling $35,126,000.

        In addition to IBC, the Company has three other bank subsidiaries. The three additional banks are (i) Commerce Bank, a Texas state banking association which commenced operations in 1982, located in Laredo, Texas ("Commerce Bank"); (ii) International Bank of Commerce, Brownsville, a Texas state banking association which commenced operations in 1984, located in Brownsville, Texas ("IBC-Brownsville"); and (iii) International Bank of Commerce, Zapata, a Texas state banking association which commenced operations in 1984, located in Zapata, Texas ("IBC-Zapata").

        The Company also has eight direct non-banking subsidiaries. They are (i) IBC Life Insurance Company, a Texas chartered subsidiary which reinsures a small percentage of credit life and accident and health risks related to loans made by bank subsidiaries, (ii) IBC Trading Company, an export trading company which is currently inactive, (iii) IBC Subsidiary Corporation, a second-tier bank holding company incorporated in the State of Delaware, (iv) IBC Capital Corporation, a company incorporated in the State of Delaware for the purpose of holding certain investments of the Company, (v) International Bancshares Capital Trust I, a capital securities corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware for the purpose of issuing Trust Preferred Securities, (vi) International Bancshares Capital Trust II, a capital securities corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware for the purpose of issuing Trust Preferred Securities, (vii) International Bancshares Capital Trust III, a capital securities corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware for the purpose of issuing Trust Preferred Securities, and (viii) International Bancshares Capital Trust IV, a capital securities corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware for the purpose of issuing Trust Preferred Securities. The Company also owns a controlling interest in Gulfstar Group I, Ltd. and related entities, which are involved in investment banking and merchant banking activities.

Services and Employees

        The Company, through its bank subsidiaries, IBC, Commerce Bank, IBC Zapata and IBC Brownsville, is engaged in the business of banking, including the acceptance of checking and savings deposits and the making of commercial, real estate, personal, home improvement, automobile and other installment and term loans. Certain of the bank subsidiaries are very active in facilitating international trade along the United States border with Mexico and elsewhere. The international banking business of the Company includes providing letters of credit, making commercial and industrial loans, and a nominal amount of currency exchange. As part of its international strategy the Company also aims to provide a full array of banking services to "maquiladoras," including account and payroll services. A "maquiladora" is a type of assembly or manufacturing plant under Mexican law, which is typically owned by a United States company and located on Mexico's northern border for the purpose of temporarily importing materials to be assembled in Mexico and re-exported to the United States. Each bank subsidiary also offers other related services, such as credit cards, travelers' checks, safety deposit, collection, notary public, escrow, drive-up and walk-up facilities and other customary banking services. Additionally, each bank subsidiary makes available certain securities products through third

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party providers. The bank subsidiaries also make banking services available during traditional and nontraditional banking hours through their network over 220 automated teller machines, and through their over 100 branches situated in retail locations and shopping malls. Most recently, IBC introduced IBC Bank Online, an Internet banking product, in order to provide customers online access to banking information and services 24 hours a day.

        The Company owns U.S. service mark registrations for "INTERNATIONAL BANK OF COMMERCE," "WALL STREET INTERNATIONAL," "INTERNATIONAL BANK OF COMMERCE CENTRE," "OVERDRAFT COURTESY," "IBC," "IBC CONNECTION," "IBC ELITE," "IBC BANK," "IBC OVERDRAFT COURTESY," "BIZ RITE CHECKING," and "IT'S A BRIGHTER CHRISTMAS" as well as the design mark depicting the United States and Mexico and the design mark depicting "WALL STREET INTERNATIONAL." In addition, the Company owns Texas service mark registrations for "RITE CHECK," "THE CLUB," "WALL STREET INTERNATIONAL," "INTERNATIONAL BANK OF COMMERCE" and the design marks depicting "CHECK'N SAVE" and "WALL STREET INTERNATIONAL," as well as the design mark depicting the United States and Mexico. Also, IBC owns certain pending applications for federal registrations of other proprietary service marks and is regularly investigating the availability of service mark registrations related to certain proprietary products.

        No material portion of the business of the Company may be deemed seasonal and the deposit and loan base of the Company's bank subsidiaries is diverse in nature. There has been no material effect upon the Company's capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position as a result of Federal, State or local environmental regulation.

        As of December 31, 2001 the Company and its subsidiaries employed approximately 1,671 persons full-time and 266 persons part-time.

Competition

        The Company is the largest minority-owned bank holding company in the United States, with more than a majority of its common stock being held by Hispanic shareholders. The Company is the second largest independent Texas bank holding company. The primary market area of the Company is South and Southeast Texas, an area bordered on the east by the Houston area, to the northwest by San Antonio, to the southwest by Eagle Pass and to the southeast by Brownsville. The Company has increased its market share in its primary market area over the last seven years through strategic acquisitions. The Company, through its bank subsidiaries, competes for deposits and loans with other commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions and non-bank entities, which non-bank entities serve as an alternative to traditional financial institutions and are considered to be formidable competitors.

        The Company and its bank subsidiaries do a significant amount of business for customers domiciled in Mexico, with an emphasis in Northern Mexico. Deposits from persons and entities domiciled in Mexico comprise a significant and stable portion of the deposit base of the Company's bank subsidiaries. Such deposits comprised approximately 40%, 42% and 41% of the Company's bank subsidiaries' total deposits as of December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively.

        Under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act ("GLBA"), effective March 11, 2000, banks, securities firms and insurance companies may affiliate under an entity to be known as a financial holding company which could then serve its customers' varied financial needs through a single corporate structure. The GLBA may significantly change the competitive environment in which the Company and its subsidiaries conduct business. The financial services industry is also likely to become even more competitive as further technological advances enable more companies to provide financial services. These technological advances may diminish the importance of depository institutions and other financial intermediaries in the transfer of funds between parties.

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Supervision and Regulation

        GENERAL—THE COMPANY.    In addition to the generally applicable state and Federal laws governing businesses and employers, the Company and its bank subsidiaries are further extensively regulated by special Federal and state laws governing financial institutions. These laws comprehensively regulate the operations of the Company's bank subsidiaries and include, among other matters, requirements to maintain reserves against deposits; restrictions on the nature and amount of loans that may be made and the interest that may be charged thereon; restrictions on the amounts, terms and conditions of loans to directors, officers, large shareholders and their affiliates; restrictions related to investments in activities other than banking; and minimum capital requirements. With few exceptions, state and Federal banking laws have as their principal objective either the maintenance of the safety and soundness of the Federal deposit insurance system or the protection of consumers, rather than the specific protection of shareholders of the Company. Further, the earnings of the Company are affected by the fiscal and monetary policies of the Federal Reserve System, which regulates the national money supply in order to mitigate recessionary and inflationary pressures. These monetary policies influence to a significant extent the overall growth of bank loans, investments and deposits and the interest rates charged on loans or paid on time and savings deposits. The nature of future monetary policies and the effect of such policies on the future earnings and business of the Company cannot be predicted.

        FRB APPROVALS.    The Company is a registered bank holding company within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended ("BHCA"), and is subject to supervision by the FRB and to a certain extent the Texas Department of Banking (the "DOB"). The Company is required to file with the FRB annual reports and other information regarding the business operations of itself and its subsidiaries. It is also subject to examination by the FRB. Under the BHCA, a bank holding company is, with limited exceptions, prohibited from acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of any voting stock of any company which is not a bank or bank holding company, and must engage only in the business of banking, managing, controlling banks, and furnishing services to or performing services for its subsidiary banks. One of the exceptions to this prohibition is the ownership of shares of any company provided such shares do not constitute more than 5% of the outstanding voting shares of the company and so long as the FRB does not disapprove such ownership. Another exception to this prohibition is the ownership of shares of a company the activities of which the FRB has specifically determined to be so closely related to banking, managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto.

        The BHCA and the Change in Bank Control Act of 1978 require that, depending on the circumstances, either FRB approval must be obtained or notice must be furnished to the FRB and not disapproved prior to any person or company acquiring "control" of a bank holding company, such as the Company, subject to certain exceptions for certain transactions. Control is conclusively presumed to exist if an individual or company acquires 25% or more of any class of voting securities of the bank holding company. Control is rebuttably presumed to exist if a person acquires 10% or more but less than 25% of any class of voting securities where the bank holding company, such as the Company, has registered Securities under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act").

        As a bank holding company, the Company is required to obtain approval prior to merging or consolidating with any other bank holding company, acquiring all or substantially all of the assets of any bank or acquiring ownership or control of shares of a bank or bank holding company if, after the acquisition, the Company would directly or indirectly own or control 5% or more of the voting shares of such bank or bank holding company.

        INTERNATIONAL MONEY LAUNDERING ABATEMENT AND ANTI-TERRORISM FINANCING ACT OF 2001 ("IMLAFA").    On October 26, 2001, the President signed into law a comprehensive anti-terrorism legislation entitled Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT) Act of 2001 (the

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"Act"). Title III of the Act constitutes the IMLAFA. IMLAFA substantially expands and changes the responsibilities of U.S. financial institutions with respect to countering money laundering and terrorist activities. Among its provisions, the Act requires each financial institution to: (i) establish and maintain an anti-money laundering program; (ii) establish due diligence policies, procedures and controls with respect to its private banking accounts and correspondent banking accounts involving foreign individuals and certain foreign banks; and (iii) avoid establishing, maintaining, administering, or managing correspondent accounts in the United States for, or on behalf of, a foreign bank that does not have a physical presence in any country. In addition, the Act contains a provision encouraging cooperation among financial institutions, regulatory authorities and law enforcement authorities with respect to individuals, entities and organizations engaged in, or reasonably suspected of engaging in, terrorist acts or money laundering activities. Also, the Act requires the bank regulatory agencies to consider the record of a bank or bank holding company in combating money laundering activities in their evaluation of bank and bank holding company merger or acquisition transactions. An interim final rule and a proposed rule interpreting the Act were issued during the first quarter of 2002. The interim rule includes a notice provision requiring financial institutions that wish to share information to file a yearly certification with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network that information will be shared and protected from inappropriate disclosure ("FinCEN"). The proposed rule builds on FinCEN's existing communication resources by establishing a link between federal law enforcement and financial institutions that would be used to share information about accounts or transactions that may involve money laundering or terrorist activities. The Company is unable to predict the impact of such laws and rules on its financial condition or results of operations at this time.

FINANCIAL MODERNIZATION

        On November 12, 1999, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 ("GLBA") was enacted. This comprehensive legislation eliminates the barriers to affiliations among banks, securities firms, insurance companies and other financial service providers. GLBA provides for a new type of financial holding company structure under which affiliations among these entities may occur. Under GLBA, a financial holding company may engage in a broad list of financial activities and any non-financial activity that the FRB determines is complementary to a financial activity and poses no substantial risk to the safety and soundness of depository institutions or the financial system. In addition, GLBA permits certain non-banking financial and financially related activities to be conducted by financial subsidiaries of a national bank. Additionally, GLBA imposes strict new privacy disclosure and opt-out requirements regarding the ability of financial institutions to share personal, non-public customer information with third parties.

        Under the GLBA, a bank holding company may become certified as a financial holding company by filing a declaration with the FRB, together with a certification that each of its subsidiary banks is well capitalized, is well managed, and has at least a satisfactory rating under the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 ("CRA"). The Company has elected to become a financial holding company under GLBA and the election was made effective by the FRB as of March 13, 2000. During the second quarter of 2000, IBC established an insurance agency subsidiary which acquired two insurance agencies. During the second quarter of 2001, the insurance agency subsidiary acquired another insurance agency. As a result of GLBA, the Texas Department of Insurance issued Commissioner's Bulletin No. B-0005-00 indicating that bank insurance agency activities could be conducted without geographic limitations. Effective October 2, 2000, the Company acquired a controlling interest in GulfStar Group, a Houston-based investment banking firm with a securities affiliate registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. A financial holding company that has a securities affiliate registered under the Securities Act of 1934 or a qualified insurance affiliate may make permissible merchant banking investments. As of December 31, 2001, the Company has made two merchant banking investments.

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        Additionally under the GLBA, federal banking regulators adopted rules that limit the ability of banks and other financial institutions to disclose non-public information about consumers to non-affiliated third parties. Pursuant to the rules, financial institutions must provide: (i) initial notices to customers about their privacy policies, describing the conditions under which they may disclose non-public personal information to non-affiliated third parties and affiliates; (ii) annual notices of their privacy policies to current customers; and (iii) a reasonable method for customers to "opt out" of disclosures to non-affiliated third parties. These privacy provisions will affect how customer information is transmitted through diversified financial companies and conveyed to outside vendors. It is not possible at this time to assess the long term impact of the privacy provisions on the Company's financial conditions or results of operations.

        In January 2001, the Federal Reserve Board and the Secretary of the Treasury promulgated final regulations governing the scope of permissible merchant banking investments. The investments that may be made under this new authority are substantially broader in scope than the investment activities otherwise permissible for bank holding companies, and are referred to as "merchant banking investments" in "portfolio companies." Before making a merchant banking investment, a financial holding company must either be or have a securities affiliate registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or a qualified insurance affiliate. The merchant banking investments may be made by the financial holding company or any of its subsidiaries, other than a depository institution or subsidiary of a depository institution. The regulation places restrictions on the ability of a financial holding company to become involved in the routine management or operation of any of its portfolio companies. The regulation also generally limits the ownership period of merchant banking investments to no more than ten years. Under the regulation, a financial holding company may not, without Federal Reserve Board approval, have aggregate merchant banking investments exceeding 30 percent of the Tier 1 capital of the financial holding company.

        The Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the "OCC"), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC") have adopted final rules governing the regulatory capital treatment of equity investments in non-financial companies held by banks, bank holding companies and financial holding companies. The final rules will be effective April 1, 2002. The final rule applies a graduated capital charge on covered equity investments which would increase as the proportion of such investments to Tier 1 Capital increases.

        The Federal Reserve Board and Secretary of Treasury have also requested public comment on the issue of whether to add the activities of real estate brokerage and real estate management to the list of permissible activities for financial holding companies and financial subsidiaries of national banks. The Company cannot predict whether the proposal will be adopted or the form any final rule might take.

        INTERSTATE BANKING.    In 1994, Congress enacted the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 ("Interstate Banking Act"), which rewrote federal law governing the interstate expansion of banks in the United States. Effective as of September 29, 1995, adequately capitalized, well managed bank holding companies with FRB approval may acquire banks located in any State in the United States, provided that the target bank meets the minimum age (up to a maximum of five years, which is the maximum Texas has adopted) established by the host State. Under the Interstate Banking Act, an anti-concentration limit will bar interstate acquisitions that would give a bank holding company control of more than ten percent (10%) of all deposits nationwide or thirty percent (30%) of any one State's deposits, or such higher or lower percentage established by the host State. The anti-concentration limit in Texas has been set at twenty percent (20%) of all federally insured deposits in Texas.

        In addition to providing for interstate acquisitions of banks by bank holding companies, the Interstate Banking Act provides for interstate branching by permitting mergers between banks domiciled in different States beginning June 1, 1997. The Interstate Banking Act provides that States

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may opt out of interstate branching by enacting non-discriminatory legislation prohibiting interstate bank mergers before June 1, 1997. In 1995, Texas passed legislation opting out of the interstate branching provisions of The Interstate Banking Act until September 1999. In May 1998, the Texas DOB determined that the Texas opt-out statute was not effective and the Texas DOB began accepting applications for interstate branching transactions. During 1999, legislation implementing interstate branching was adopted by the Texas legislature.

        FRB ENFORCEMENT POWERS.    The FRB has certain cease-and-desist and divestiture powers over bank holding companies and non-banking subsidiaries where their actions would constitute a serious threat to the safety, soundness or stability of a subsidiary bank. These powers may be exercised through the issuance of cease-and-desist orders or other actions. In the event a bank subsidiary experiences either a significant loan loss or rapid growth of loans or deposits, the Company may be compelled by the FRB to invest additional capital in the bank subsidiary. Further, the Company would be required to guaranty performance of the capital restoration plan of any undercapitalized bank subsidiary. The FRB is also empowered to assess civil money penalties against companies or individuals who violate the BHCA in amounts up to $1,000,000 per day, to order termination of non-banking activities of non-banking subsidiaries of bank holding companies and to order termination of ownership and control of a non-banking subsidiary. Under certain circumstances the Texas Banking Commissioner may bring enforcement proceedings against a bank holding company in Texas.

        COMPANY DIVIDENDS.    The FRB's policy discourages the payment of dividends from borrowed funds and discourages payments that would affect capital adequacy. The FRB has issued policy statements which generally state that bank holding companies should serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to their bank subsidiaries, and generally should not pay dividends except out of current earnings, and should not borrow to pay dividends if the bank holding company is experiencing capital or other financial problems.

        CROSS-GUARANTEE PROVISIONS.    The Financial Institutions Reform Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 ("FIRREA") contains a "cross-guarantee" provision which generally makes commonly controlled insured depository institutions liable to the FDIC for any losses incurred in connection with the failure of a commonly controlled depository institution.

        AUDIT REPORTS.    Insured institutions with total assets of $500 million or more must submit annual audit reports prepared by independent auditors to federal and state regulators. In some instances, the audit report of the institution's holding company can be used to satisfy this requirement. Auditors must receive examination reports and examination related correspondence. In addition, financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management's certifications concerning responsibility for the financial statements, internal controls and compliance with legal requirements designated by the FDIC, and an attestation by the auditor regarding the statements of management relating to the internal controls must be submitted to federal and state regulators. For institutions with total assets of more than $3 billion, independent auditors may be required to review quarterly financial statements. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 ("FDICIA") requires that independent audit committees be formed, consisting of outside directors only. The committees of such institutions must include members with experience in banking or financial management, must have access to outside counsel, and must not include representatives of large customers. During 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and the National Association of Securities Dealers adopted new rules, which became effective during 2000, to improve the function of corporate audit committees. The new rules require, among other things, that the audit committee review and assess the adequacy of its charter on an annual basis, that independent auditors review public companies' interim financial information prior to filing with the SEC and that companies include in their proxy statements certain information about their audit committees.

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        GENERAL—BANK SUBSIDIARIES.    All of the bank subsidiaries of the Company are state banks subject to regulation by, and supervision of, the Texas DOB and the FDIC. All of the bank subsidiaries of the Company are members of the FDIC, which currently insures the deposits of each member bank to a maximum of $100,000 per depositor. For this protection, each member bank pays a statutory assessment and is subject to the rules and regulations of the FDIC. The assessments increase incrementally based on the rating of the member bank.

        DEPOSIT INSURANCE.    The deposits of the Bank are insured by the FDIC through the Bank Insurance Fund ("BIF") to the extent provided by law. Under the FDIC's risk-based insurance system, BIF-insured institutions are currently assessed premiums of between zero and twenty seven cents per $100 of eligible deposits, depending upon the institution's capital position and other supervisory factors. During 1996, Congress enacted legislation that, among other things, provides for assessments against BIF-insured institutions that will be used to pay certain Financing Corporation ("FICO") obligations. BIF and Savings Association Insurance Fund payers are assessed pro rata for the FICO bond obligations.

        CAPITAL ADEQUACY.    The Company and its bank subsidiaries are currently required to meet certain minimum regulatory capital guidelines utilizing total capital-to-risk-weighted assets and Tier 1 Capital elements. At December 31, 2001, the Company's ratio of total capital-to-risk-weighted assets was 15.06%. The guidelines make regulatory capital requirements more sensitive to differences in risk profiles among banking organizations, consider off-balance sheet exposure in assessing capital adequacy, and encourage the holding of liquid, low-risk assets. At least one-half of the minimum total capital must be comprised of Tier 1 Capital elements. Tier 1 Capital of the Company is comprised of common shareholders' equity. The deductible core deposit intangibles and goodwill of $96,748,000 booked in connection with all the financial institution acquisitions of the Company after February 1992 are deducted from the sum of core capital elements when determining the capital ratios of the Company.

        In addition, the FRB has established minimum leverage ratio guidelines for bank holding companies. These guidelines provide for a minimum leverage ratio of Tier 1 capital to adjusted average quarterly assets ("leverage ratio") equal to three percent for bank holding companies that meet certain specified criteria, including having the highest regulatory rating. All other bank holding companies will generally be required to maintain a leverage ratio of at least four to five percent. The Company's leverage ratio at December 31, 2001 was 6.67%. The guidelines also provide that bank holding companies experiencing internal growth or making acquisitions will be expected to maintain strong capital positions substantially above the minimum supervisory levels without significant reliance on intangible assets. Furthermore, the guidelines indicate that the FRB will continue to consider a "tangible tier 1 leverage ratio" (deducting all intangibles) in evaluating proposals for expansion or new activity. The FRB has not advised the Company of any specific minimum leverage ratio or tangible Tier 1 leverage ratio applicable to it.

        Each of the Company's bank subsidiaries is subject to similar capital requirements adopted by the FDIC. Each of the Company's bank subsidiaries had a leverage ratio in excess of five percent as of December 31, 2001. As of that date, the federal banking agencies had not advised any of the bank subsidiaries of any specific minimum leverage ratio applicable to it.

        Effective December 19, 1992, the federal bank regulatory agencies adopted regulations which mandate a five-tier scheme of capital requirements and corresponding supervisory actions to implement the prompt corrective action provisions of FDICIA. The regulations include requirements for the capital categories that will serve as benchmarks for mandatory supervisory actions. Under the regulations, the highest of the five categories would be a well capitalized institution with a total risk-based capital ratio of 10%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6% and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5%. An institution would be prohibited from declaring any dividends, making any other capital distribution or paying a management fee if the capital ratios drop below the levels for an adequately

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capitalized institution, which are 8%, 4% and 4%, respectively. The corresponding provisions of FDICIA mandate corrective actions are taken if a bank is undercapitalized. Based on the Company and each of the bank subsidiaries capital ratios as of December 31, 2001, the Company and each of the bank subsidiaries were classified as "well capitalized" under the applicable regulations.

        In 1995, in accordance with FDICIA, the FDIC modified its risk-based capital adequacy guidelines to explicitly include a bank's exposure to declines in the economic value of its capital due to changes in interest rates as a factor that it will consider in evaluating a bank's capital adequacy. In 1996 the bank regulatory agencies introduced risk-based examination procedures. Effective January 1, 1997, the federal banking agencies jointly adopted regulations that amend the risk-based capital standards to incorporate measures for market risk. Applicable banking institutions will be required to adjust their risk-based capital ratio to reflect market risk. On December 19, 1996, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (the "FFIEC") revised the Uniform Financial Institutions Rating System commonly referred to as the CAMEL rating system. A sixth component addressing sensitivity to market risk was added. Sensitivity to market risk reflects the degree to which changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices or equity prices can adversely affect a financial institution's earnings or economic capital.

        STATE ENFORCEMENT POWERS.    The Banking Commissioner of Texas may determine to close a Texas state bank when he finds that the interests of depositors and creditors of a state bank are jeopardized through its insolvency or imminent insolvency and that it is in the best interest of such depositors and creditors that the bank be closed. The Texas DOB also has broad enforcement powers over the Bank, including the power to impose orders, remove officers and directors, impose fines and appoint supervisors and conservators.

        DEPOSITOR PREFERENCE.    Because the Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from its bank subsidiaries, its right to participate in the distribution of assets of any subsidiary upon the subsidiary's liquidation or reorganization will be subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary's creditors. In the event of a liquidation or other resolution of a subsidiary bank, the claims of depositors and other general or subordinated creditors of the bank are entitled to a priority of payment over the claims of holders of any obligation of the institution to its shareholders, including any depository institution holding company (such as the Company) or any shareholder or creditor thereof.

        TEXAS LAW.    Effective September 1, 1995, the new Texas Banking Act ("Act") became effective and the Texas Banking Code of 1943 was repealed. The purpose of the Act was to modernize and streamline the Texas banking laws. One of the many significant provisions of the Act adopts by reference the Texas Business Corporation Act, subject to modification by the Banking Commissioner. Among other matters, these corporate provisions will permit Texas state banks to merge with non-banking business entities, while national banks are only permitted to merge with banking entities. During 1997, the Texas Constitution was amended to permit home equity lending in Texas effective January 1, 1998 and the Company's bank subsidiaries are currently offering home equity loans.

        CRA.    Under the Community Reinvestment Act ("CRA"), the FDIC is required to assess the record of each bank subsidiary to determine if the bank meets the credit needs of its entire community, including low and moderate-income neighborhoods served by the institution, and to take that record into account in its evaluation of any application made by the bank for, among other things, approval of the acquisition or establishment of a branch or other deposit facility, an office relocation, a merger, or the acquisition of shares of capital stock of another financial institution. The FDIC prepares a written evaluation of an institution's record of meeting the credit needs of its entire community and assigns a rating. The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 ("FIRREA") requires federal banking agencies to make public a rating of a bank's performance under the CRA. Each bank subsidiary received a "satisfactory" CRA rating in its most recently completed examination. Further, there are fair lending laws which prohibit discrimination in connection with lending decisions.

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        CONSUMER LAWS.    In addition to the laws and regulations discussed herein, the Bank is also subject to certain consumer laws and regulations that are designed to protect consumers in transactions with banks. While the list set forth herein is not exhaustive, these laws and regulations include the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, and the Fair Housing Act, among others. These laws and regulations mandate certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must deal with customers when taking deposits or making loans to such customers. The Bank must comply with the applicable provisions of these consumer protection laws and regulations as part of their ongoing customer relations.

        AFFILIATE TRANSACTIONS.    The Company, IBC and the other bank subsidiaries of the Company are "affiliates" within the meaning of Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act which sets forth certain restrictions on loans and extensions of credit between a bank subsidiary and affiliates, on investments in an affiliate's stock or other securities, and on acceptance of such stock or other securities as collateral for loans. Such restrictions prevent a bank holding company from borrowing from any of its bank subsidiaries unless the loans are secured by specific obligations. Further, such secured loans and investments by a bank subsidiary are limited in amount, as to a bank holding company or any other affiliate, to 10% of such bank subsidiary's capital and surplus and, as to the bank holding company and its affiliates, to an aggregate of 20% of such bank subsidiary's capital and surplus. Certain restrictions do not apply to 80% or more owned sister banks of bank holding companies. Each bank subsidiary of the Company is wholly-owned by the Company. Section 23B of the Federal Reserve Act requires that the terms of affiliate transactions be comparable to terms of similar non-affiliate transactions.

        INSIDER LOANS.    The restrictions on loans to directors, executive officers, principal shareholders and their related interests (collectively referred to herein as "insiders") contained in the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation O apply to all insured institutions and their subsidiaries and holding companies. These restrictions include limits on loans to one borrower and conditions that must be met before such a loan can be made. There is also an aggregate limitation on all loans to insiders and their related interests. These loans cannot exceed the institution's total unimpaired capital and surplus, and the FDIC may determine that a lesser amount is appropriate. Insiders are subject to enforcement actions for knowingly accepting loans in violation of applicable restrictions.

        LENDING RESTRICTIONS.    The operations of the Banks are also subject to lending limit restrictions pertaining to the extension of credit and making of loans to one borrower. Further, under the BHCA and the regulations of the FRB thereunder, the Company and its subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in certain tie-in arrangements with respect to any extension of credit or provision of property or services; however, the FRB adopted a rule relaxing tying restrictions by permitting a bank holding company to offer a discount on products or services if a customer obtains other products or services from such company.

        DIVIDENDS.    The ability of the Company to pay dividends is largely dependent on the amount of cash derived from dividends declared by its bank subsidiaries. The payment of dividends by any bank or bank holding company is affected by the requirement to maintain adequate capital as discussed above. The ability of the Banks, as Texas banking associations, to pay dividends is restricted under Texas law. A Texas bank generally may not pay a dividend reducing its capital and surplus without the prior approval of the Texas Banking Commissioner. Dividends may not be paid from "certified surplus," which is designated by the Board of Directors of Texas banking associations from undivided profits in connection with the establishment of the bank's lending limit. Additionally, the FDIC has the right to prohibit the payment of dividends by a bank where the payment is deemed to be an unsafe and unsound banking practice. At December 31, 2001 there was an aggregate of approximately $81,000,000 available for the payment of dividends to the Company by IBC, Commerce Bank, IBC Zapata and IBC

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Brownsville under the applicable restrictions, assuming that each of such banks continues to be classified as "well capitalized". Further, the Company could expend the entire $81,000,000 and continue to be classified as "well capitalized". Note 18 of notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company located on page 42 of the 2001 Annual Report are incorporated herein by reference.

        POWERS.    As a result of FDICIA, the authority of the FDIC over state-chartered banks was expanded. FDICIA limits state-chartered banks to only those principal activities permissible for national banks, except for other activities specifically approved by the FDIC. The new Texas Banking Act includes a parity provision which establishes procedures for state banks to notify the Banking Commissioner if the bank intends to conduct any activity permitted for a national bank that is otherwise denied to a state bank. The Banking Commissioner has thirty (30) days to prohibit the activity. During 1999, a super parity provision was added to the Texas Finance Code which established procedures for state banks to notify the Banking Commissioner if the bank intends to conduct any activity permitted for any depository institution in the United States. The Banking Commissioner has thirty (30) days to prohibit the activity.

        FINANCIAL SUBSIDIARIES.    Under GLBA, a national bank may establish a financial subsidiary and engage, subject to limitations on investment, in activities that are financial in nature, other than insurance underwriting as principal, insurance company portfolio investment, real estate development, real estate investment and annuity issuance. To do so, a bank must be well capitalized, well managed and have a CRA rating of satisfactory or better. Subsidiary banks of a financial holding company or national banks with financial subsidiaries must remain well capitalized and well managed in order to continue to engage in activities that are financial in nature without regulatory actions or restrictions, which could include divestiture of the financial subsidiary or subsidiaries. In addition, a bank may not acquire a company that is engaged in activities that are financial in nature unless the bank and each affiliated bank has a CRA rating of satisfactory or better.

        The powers of state-chartered banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System were not directly addressed by GLBA. However, Texas state nonmember banks should indirectly benefit from the enhanced powers made available to financial subsidiaries of national banks by GLBA through the Texas parity statute, which authorizes state-chartered banks to engage in powers available for national banks, subject to certain state and federal law restrictions.

        INSTABILITY OF REGULATORY STRUCTURE.    New legislation could be adopted which would change banking statutes and the operating environment of the Company and the bank subsidiaries in substantial and unpredictable ways. The Company cannot determine the ultimate effect that GLBA will have or the effect that potential legislation, if enacted, or implementing regulations with respect thereto, would have upon the financial condition or results of operations of the Company or its subsidiaries.

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Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity

        The main areas in which the Company has directed its lendable assets are (i) commercial, financial and industrial loans; (ii) real estate loans; and (iii) loans to individuals for household, family and other consumer expenditures. The relationship that these three categories of loans bear to the total assets of the Company and other detailed statistical information about the business of the Company are presented on the following pages.

        The following table sets forth a comparative summary of average interest earning assets and average interest bearing liabilities and related interest yields for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 (Dollars in Thousands) (Note 1). Nonaccrual loans have been included in assets for the purpose of this analysis:

(Note 1) The average balances for purposes of the above table are calculated on the basis of month-end balances.

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INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL

        The following table analyzes the changes in net interest income during 2001 and 2000 and the relative effect of changes in interest rates and volumes for each major classification of interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Nonaccrual loans have been included in assets for the purpose of this analysis, which reduces the resulting yields (Note 1):

(Note 1) The change in interest due to both rate and volume has been allocated to volume and rate changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.

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INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY

        The net interest rate sensitivity as of December 31, 2001 is illustrated in the following table. This information reflects the balances of assets and liabilities whose rates are subject to change. As indicated in the table, the Company is liability sensitive during the early time periods and is asset sensitive in the longer periods. The table shows the sensitivity of the balance sheet at one point in time and is not necessarily indicative of the position at future dates.

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INVESTMENT SECURITIES

        The following table sets forth the carrying value of investment securities as of December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999:

        The following tables set forth the contractual maturities of investment securities at December 31, 2001 and the average yields of such securities, except for the totals, which reflect the weighted average yields. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

        Mortgage-backed securities are primarily securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") and Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae").

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LOAN PORTFOLIO

        The amounts of loans outstanding, by classification, at December 31, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998 and 1997 are shown in the following table:

        The following table shows the amounts of loans (excluding real estate mortgages and consumer loans) outstanding as of December 31, 2001 which, based on remaining scheduled repayments of principal, are due in the years indicated. Also, the amounts due after one year are classified according to the sensitivity to changes in interest rates:

        The following table presents information concerning the aggregate amount of non-accrual, past due and restructured domestic loans; certain loans may be classified in one or more category:

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        The following table presents information concerning the aggregate amount of non-accrual and past due foreign loans extended to persons or entities in Mexico or to the Mexican Government, certain loans may be classified in one or more category:

        The gross income that would have been recorded during 2001 on non-accrual and restructured loans in accordance with their original contract terms was $686,000 on domestic loans and $9,000 on foreign loans. The amount of interest income on such loans that was recognized in 2001 was $98,000 on domestic loans and none for foreign loans.

        The non-accrual loan policy of the bank subsidiaries is to discontinue the accrual of interest on loans when management determines that it is probable that future interest accruals will be uncollectible. Interest income on non-accrual loans is recognized only to the extent payments are received or when, in management's opinion, the creditor's financial condition warrants reestablishment of interest accruals. Under special circumstances, a loan may be more than 90 days delinquent as to interest or principal and not be placed on non-accrual status. When any of the above occurs, loan officers are required to recommend placing a loan on non-accrual status by sending a memo to the senior loan officer who gives instructions to the commercial note teller that the loan is on non-accrual status. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, any interest accrued but not paid is reversed and charged to operations against interest income.

        The preceding tables indicate that there are certain loans technically past due 90 days or more on performing status. This situation generally results when a bank subsidiary has a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulties but not to the extent that requires a restructuring of indebtedness. The majority of this category is composed of loans that are considered to be adequately secured and/or for which there has been a recent payment.

        The following table presents certain information about cross-border outstanding loans, acceptances, and accrued interest thereon, related to Mexico:

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SUMMARY OF LOAN LOSS EXPERIENCE

        The following table summarizes loan balances at the end of each year and average loans outstanding during the year; changes in the allowance for possible loan losses arising from loans charged-off and recoveries on loans previously charged-off by loan category; and additions to the allowance which have been charged to expense: