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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
/X/ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996
/ / TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________ to ________
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Commission File No.: 0-21669
DIGITAL LIGHTWAVE, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 95-4313013
(State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
601 Cleveland Street, Fifth Floor
Clearwater, Florida 34615
(813) 442-6677
(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices and Registrant's
telephone number, including area code)
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock,
$0.0001 par value per share
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Indicate by check mark whether Registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter periods that Registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. YES / / NO /X/
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Report or any amendment to this
Report. / /
The aggregate market value of Registrant's voting stock, held by
non-affiliates, computed by reference to the average of the closing bid and
asked prices of the Common Stock as reported by Nasdaq on March 27, 1997:
$7 3/8.
The number of shares of Registrant's Common Stock issued and outstanding as
of March 27, 1997: 26,177,777.
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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
THIS REPORT CONTAINS CERTAIN STATEMENTS OF A FORWARD-LOOKING NATURE
RELATING TO FUTURE EVENTS OR THE FUTURE PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY. PROSPECTIVE
INVESTORS ARE CAUTIONED THAT SUCH STATEMENTS ARE ONLY PREDICTIONS AND THAT
ACTUAL EVENTS OR RESULTS MAY DIFFER MATERIALLY. IN EVALUATING SUCH STATEMENTS,
PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS SHOULD SPECIFICALLY CONSIDER VARIOUS FACTORS IDENTIFIED IN
THIS REPORT, INCLUDING THE MATTERS SET FORTH BELOW UNDER THE CAPTION "RISK
FACTORS," WHICH COULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE
INDICATED BY SUCH FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS.
GENERAL
Digital Lightwave develops, manufactures and sells advanced computer
systems that provide information concerning the performance of lightwave
telecommunications networks and transmission equipment. The Company's product,
the ASA 312, is a portable software-based Network Information Computer that is
designed to outperform conventional hardware-based network test instruments. The
ASA 312 is "user friendly," lightweight, compact and easily operated through a
touch sensor over a full color display. The ASA 312 enables users to understand
and process information, simultaneously and without interruption, from
telecommunications networks utilizing: (i) the legacy T-Carrier protocol at
rates DS-0, DS-1 and DS-3; (ii) the lightwave SONET protocol at rates OC-1, OC-3
and OC-12; and (iii) the lightwave ATM protocol.
The Company has developed prototypes for a series of Remote Access Agents
which are modular hardware/software platforms that are designed to provide
network operators with real-time information concerning performance of the
network segments where Remote Access Agents have been installed. The Remote
Access Agents incorporate technology developed by the Company which includes
advanced hardware technology that accesses bits in lightwave and legacy
telecommunications transmissions, a non-blocking switch matrix that maps signals
into different transmission speeds and protocols, and object-oriented software
that controls user selectable features accessible through Windows OS, Web
browsers or other user environments.
The Company began shipping the ASA 312 in February 1996. Through December
31, 1996, the Company had shipped more than 170 ASA 312 units to more than 25
customers, including: (i) InterExchange Carriers ("IXCs"), such as MCI
Telecommunications Corp. ("MCI"); (ii) Regional Bell Operating Companies
("RBOCs"), such as Ameritech Corporation ("Ameritech"); (iii) Competitive Access
Providers ("CAPs"), such as Brooks Fiber Properties, Inc.; (iv) independent
telephone companies, such as GTE Corp.; (v) network equipment manufacturers,
such as Tellabs Operations, Inc. ("Tellabs"); (vi) equipment leasing companies,
such as AT&T Capital Services Corp.; and (vii) private network operators, such
as Bear Stearns & Co., Inc.
The Company was incorporated in California on October 12, 1990 under the
name Digital Lightwave, Inc., and reincorporated in Delaware on March 18, 1996
through its merger into a newly formed Delaware corporation. Unless the context
otherwise requires, as used in this Report the "Company" and "Digital Lightwave"
refer to the Company and its predecessor entity. The Company's principal
executive offices are located at 601 Cleveland Street, Fifth Floor, Clearwater,
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Florida 34615; its telephone and facsimile numbers are 813.442.6677 and
813.442.5660; its e-mail address is [email protected]; and its URL is
http://www.lightwave.com.
TECHNOLOGY
The following core technologies are used in the ASA 312 and provide a basis
for certain of the Company's products in development: (i) a software operating
environment which runs over a MS-DOS platform; (ii) programs which operate the
Company's firmware and hardware; (iii) graphical user interface programs running
in a windowed environment; (iv) Network Protocol Translators ("NPTs"), which are
modular gate arrays that supply discrete network information from signals at
specific bandwidths and on specific protocols; and (v) Network Protocol
Processors ("NPPs"), which are modular hardware platforms for the processing of
various ranges of bandwidth and protocols.
The Company's software is written in object-oriented code and provides
users of the ASA 312 with an intuitive graphical user interface. The open
architecture of the Company's software establishes a platform for the
development of additional features and applications.
NPTs supply information as to each bit or specified groups of bits being
transmitted in order to identify and process information concerning the overhead
and payload carried by network transmissions. NPTs are combined with a
microprocessor, discrete integrated circuits and other firmware in NPPs. NPPs
interface, frame and process network information from a number of protocols and
transmission speeds. NPPs also can insert user-programmable payloads and
user-specified overhead into a transmission.
In order to allow its customers to work simultaneously with different
bandwidths and protocols, the Company has developed a non-blocking switch matrix
and applications software which allow the Company's customers to "frame up" on a
given signal, multiplex or demultiplex the signal into different transmission
speeds and map the signal into different protocols. These functions allow
customers to derive information concerning the performance of the network under
various existing or potential conditions.
PRODUCTS
NETWORK INFORMATION COMPUTERS. The Company currently manufactures and
sells the ASA 312, a "user friendly," portable Network Information Computer
which enables users to access and process information concerning the performance
of telecommunications networks and transmission equipment. The ASA 312 was
designed to displace existing network test instruments by incorporating their
functions into a software-based information processing system, adding additional
functions and improving price/performance. With the ASA 312, telephone
companies and other operators of large telecommunications networks, as well as
manufacturers of network transmission and cross-connect equipment, are able to
(i) verify and manage information concerning the transmission of voice, data,
image and video traffic and (ii) plan for and implement network expansion more
effectively. Telecommunications equipment manufacturers also use the ASA 312 in
designing, engineering and manufacturing their products as well as in installing
their products in the networks of their customers and providing ongoing customer
support.
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The ASA 312 generates, transmits, receives, interleaves, deinterleaves,
multiplexes, demultiplexes, maps, demaps and processes legacy T-Carrier
electronic signals and SONET and ATM lightwave signals. It provides access to
T-Carrier SONET and ATM signals and their status and control overhead. The ASA
312's graphical user interface is a touch sensor over a large color display
which provides simple and intuitive windowed graphics and menus. The ASA 312 may
be accessed and operated remotely by modem or through direct connection to an
Ethernet LAN.
REMOTE ACCESS AGENTS. The Company has recently completed prototypes of
Remote Access Agents for lightwave, T-Carrier, Ethernet and Fast Ethernet LAN
networks. Prototypes have been placed in initial field trials by a private
network operator and the Company has begun to market these products. Remote
Access Agents are designed to provide network operators with real-time
information concerning network performance for the segments where the products
have been installed. Remote Access Agents provide performance and quality data
to the operator through a standard operations interface to allow central
monitoring and administration. The Company plans to develop a family of Remote
Access Agents to provide a broad range of protocols at prices which are intended
to facilitate wide deployment of the technology. See "Risk Factors--Dependence
on Single Product; Uncertain Market Acceptance of Planned Products."
CUSTOMERS
Through December 31, 1996, the Company had sold more than 170 units of the
ASA 312 to over 25 customers, including each of the following:
IXCs CAPs
MCI Telecommunications Corp. Brooks Fiber Properties, Inc.
Sprint Corp. Five Star Telecom Inc.
WorldCom, Inc. GST Telecommunications, Inc.
MRC Telecommunications Inc.
RBOCs Toledo Area Telecommunications Services, Inc.
Ameritech Corporation U.S. South Communications, Inc.
Bell Atlantic Communications, Inc.
Pacific Telesis Group EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS
SBC Communications Inc. Alcatel Network Systems, Inc.
Hekimian Laboratories, Inc.
INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES Hitachi Telecom Technologies Co., Ltd.
GTE Corp. Lucent Technologies, Inc.
Sprint Centel NEC America, Inc.
Tellabs Operations, Inc.
EQUIPMENT LEASING COMPANIES
AT&T Capital Corp. PRIVATE NETWORK OPERATORS
GE Capital TMS Bear Stearns & Co., Inc.
McGrath Rentelco U.S. Department of Defense
In most instances, customers designate the ASA 312 as approved operating
equipment prior to purchase. The ASA 312 has been designated as approved
operating equipment by various of the customers listed above, as well as AT&T
Corp. ("AT&T"), ICG Telecom Group, Inc. ("ICG"), Time
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Warner Communications, Inc. ("Time Warner") and US WEST Communications, Inc.
("US West"). In addition, on August 1, 1996, Ameritech completed a "request for
qualifications" procedure evaluating the ASA 312 and competitive products,
designated the ASA 312 as its approved operating equipment for evaluating SONET
systems and entered into a three-year agreement (the "Ameritech Agreement") for
the purchase of the ASA 312. While neither Ameritech, AT&T, ICG, Time Warner
nor US West is obligated to purchase the ASA 312, the Ameritech Agreement and
such approvals enable employees of these companies to purchase the ASA 312,
subject to budgetary and other constraints.
The Company has pursued a policy of involving key customers in the
evaluation of products in development and continually solicits suggestions from
customers regarding additional desirable features of products which it has
introduced or plans to develop. Because the Company's products are software
based and remotely accessed, the Company has generally been able to satisfy
requests for additional feature sets by downloading software upgrades to its
products in the field.
For the twelve months ended December 31, 1996, sales to MCI, Ameritech
and PacTel accounted for 25%, 19% and 15% of total sales, respectively. There
can be no assurance regarding the amount or timing of purchases by MCI,
Ameritech, PacTel or any other customer in any future period. Broad
acceptance of the ASA 312 and future products is critical to the Company's
future success and is subject to substantial uncertainties. See "Risk
Factors--Customer Concentration."
SALES, MARKETING AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT
SALES. The Company markets its products to telecommunications service
providers and network equipment manufacturers through an internal direct sales
force (consisting of 18 employees as of December 31, 1996). The Company's
internal sales force includes managers and internal sales staff based at the
Company's principal executive offices and a regional direct sales staff.
The primary roles of the Company's regional direct sales force are (i) to
ensure that existing and potential customers in each territory are being
regularly contacted, (ii) to differentiate the features and capabilities of the
Company's products from competitive offerings, (iii) to assist customers with
the implementation of the Company's products and (iv) to serve as a direct link
to assure quality and timely customer support. In addition, the Company believes
that its regional direct sales staff helps the Company to monitor changing
customer requirements, as well as the development of industry standards.
MARKETING. In marketing the ASA 312, the Company focuses on the divisions
of telecommunications service providers that are responsible for planning and
installing extensions of the network. In contrast, the Company has directed its
preliminary marketing efforts relating to its Remote Access Agents towards the
strategic planning divisions of telecommunications service providers and private
network operators. The Company seeks to build awareness of its products through
a variety of marketing channels and methodologies. The Company participates in
industry trade shows and conferences and makes direct mailings to targeted
potential customers.
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CUSTOMER SUPPORT. All service, repair and technical support are performed
in-house utilizing sub-assemblies and components obtained from the Company's
regular sources of supply. The Company's technical support engineers are trained
in the hardware and software incorporated in its products, as well as the
networks and transmission equipment operated by its customers. The Company
offers technical support to its customers 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, via a
toll-free hotline and through paging systems for all support personnel. The
Company offers a three-year limited warranty on all components of its products,
other than the laser transmitter unit, which has a one-year limited warranty,
and software and firmware, which have a 90-day limited warranty.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
The Company has organized its product development efforts into three main
groups as follows: (i) the microelectronics group is devoted to the further
development of hardware and firmware technologies; (ii) the software development
group is devoted to developing new applications software; and (iii) the hardware
development group is devoted to reducing further the size and weight of the
Company's products, designing printed circuit boards for new applications and
developing enhancements to streamline production. The Company intends to
increase the size of its technical staff by adding microelectronic and software
engineers, including those with particular understanding of international
transmission protocols and standards.
Described below are various planned products of the Company currently in
the preliminary stages of development, each of which utilizes the hardware,
firmware and software technology found in the ASA 312. With respect to each of
these planned products, product definitions, including proposed features and
functions, have been established, components have been specified and pricing has
preliminarily been established to seek responses from potential customers.
However, prototypes for these products have not yet been assembled.
ENHANCEMENTS OF THE ASA 312. The Company currently plans to develop: (i) a
factory installed OC-48 option for the ASA 312; and (ii) the ASA 312E, a
modified version of the ASA 312 to serve international markets.
NOTEBOOK PLATFORM. The Company plans to develop a notebook-size Network
Information Computer which is planned to contain various customer selected NPPs.
Users will be able to configure the notebook platform with various NPP cards
that will interface with transmission speeds ranging from 64 Kbps to 2.4 Gbps
for T-Carrier, PDH, SONET, SDH and ATM protocols. The Company plans to design
the network information notebook computer to enable users to access not only the
network information provided by the NPPs, but also to write programs which use
this data. For example, the Company intends to design the notebook platform to
extract data from a particular network element, to search for a particular
condition (such as a certain level of data congestion at the network element)
and to intervene actively to alter the way in which traffic is routed. The
notebook computer platform will be designed to provide the means to transfer
data derived from the NPPs to a conventional computing environment of word
processing and spreadsheet programs for storage, processing and reporting.
NETWORK DIGITAL ASSISTANTS. The Company plans to develop a family of
Network Digital Assistants, which will generate network traffic to assist in the
analysis of network performance.
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VIRTUAL SWITCHING PRODUCTS. The Company intends to utilize the switch
matrix and other elements of its technology to develop a series of virtual
switching products which would provide a means of delivering expandable
bandwidth from the public network to a customer premise.
PRODUCTION
The Company's manufacturing operations consist primarily of material
planning and procurement, final assembly, software loading, testing and quality
assurance. The Company's operational strategy relies on outsourcing of
manufacturing to reduce fixed costs and to provide flexibility in meeting market
demand. The Company currently subcontracts component procurement and kitting and
printed circuit board assembly to a company that specializes in these services.
The Company takes the printed circuit board-based modules produced by its
contract manufacturer and inserts them into product enclosures in combination
with the Company's software.
In connection with its outsourcing strategy, the Company is seeking to
secure additional sources of supply, including additional contract subassembly
and component manufacturers. The Company has experienced in the past, and may
in the future experience, problems with its contract manufacturers, in areas
such as quality, quantity and on-time delivery. In addition, the Company may in
the future experience pricing pressure from its contract manufacturers.
The Company uses a rolling six-month forecast based on anticipated product
orders to determine its general materials and component requirements. Lead times
for materials and components ordered by the Company vary significantly, and
depend on factors such as the specific supplier, purchase terms and demand for a
component at a given time. Currently, the Company acquires materials and orders
certain standard subassemblies based on the Company's forecast. Upon receipt of
firm orders from customers, the Company assembles fully-configured systems and
subjects them to a number of tests before shipment. If orders do not match
forecasts, the Company may have excess or inadequate inventory of certain
materials and components.
Although the Company generally uses standard parts and components for its
products, several key components used in the manufacture of its products are
currently purchased only from single or limited sources. At present, the
Company's only single-sourced component is a SONET overhead terminator.
Limited-sourced components used in the ASA 312 and the Remote Access Agents
include a single board computer, a power supply, a touch sensor and
controller, plastic housing units and other discrete components. The Company
generally does not have long-term agreements with any of these single or
limited sources of supply. Any interruption in the supply of any of these
components, or the inability of the Company to procure these components from
alternate sources at acceptable prices and within a reasonable time, could
have a material adverse effect upon the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations. Qualifying additional suppliers is time
consuming and expensive and the likelihood of errors is greater with new
suppliers. See "Risk Factors--Substantial Increase in Manufacturing
Operations; Dependence on Contract Manufacturing and Limited Source
Suppliers."
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BACKLOG
The Company's backlog at December 31, 1996 was approximately $1 million.
Variations in the size and delivery schedules of purchase orders received by the
Company, as well as changes in customers' delivery requirements, may result in
substantial fluctuations in backlog from period to period. Accordingly, the
Company believes that its backlog cannot be considered a meaningful indicator of
future financial results.
COMPETITION
The market in which the Company's Network Information Computers and Remote
Access Agents is offered is intensely competitive and subject to rapid change as
a result of technological developments and other factors. The Company believes
that the principal competitive factors in its market are technical resources and
expertise relating to a wide range of bandwidth and protocols, product features,
reliability, price, timeliness of new product introductions, timely adoption of
emerging industry standards, service, support, size, name recognition and
installed base.
The Company believes that there are four current principal competitors
which offer products which compete with the ASA 312, including Hewlett Packard
Co., Tektronix Inc., Dynatech Corp. and Wandel & Goltermann Technologies, Inc.
and less than ten other companies which offer network monitoring products, which
do not provide the capability to monitor lightwave transmissions, the principal
of which are Applied Digital Access Inc., Network General Corporation and
Hekimian Laboratories, Inc. The companies that offer test instruments in
competition with the ASA 312 do not supply network monitoring products.
Accordingly, the Company believes that there are currently no competitors that
provide an integrated comprehensive solution to performance monitoring
transmission speeds from DS-0 through OC-12 and no providers of portable
equipment which cover the full range of features offered by the ASA 312.
However, such competitors and certain prospective competitors have significantly
longer operating histories, larger installed bases, greater name recognition and
technical, financial, manufacturing and marketing resources than the Company. In
addition, a number of these competitors have long established relationships with
the Company's customers and potential customers. The Company believes it is
likely that competitors will enter the market for most if not all of the
products which the Company will offer. See "Risk Factors--Competition."
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Company relies on a combination of trade secret, copyright and
trademark protection and non-disclosure agreements to protect its core
technology. Although the Company has pursued and intends to continue to pursue
patent protection of certain aspects of its technology that it considers
important, the Company believes that its success will be largely dependent on
its reputation for technology, product innovation, affordability, marketing
ability and response to customers' needs. As of the date of this Report, the
Company had pending two U.S. patent applications covering certain aspects of its
technology. There can be no assurance that the Company will be granted any
patents or that, if any patents are granted, they will provide the Company with
significant protection or will not be challenged.
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The Company believes that the rapid rate of technological change and the
relatively long development cycle for integrated circuits are also significant
factors in the protection of the Company's intellectual property. The Company's
NPTs and NPPs incorporate unique designs that have been developed based on a
broad understanding of public and private networks, signaling protocols and
network information requirements of the Company's customer base. As part of its
confidentiality procedures, the Company generally enters into non-disclosure
agreements and proprietary information and inventions agreements with its
employees and suppliers, and limits access to and distribution of its
proprietary information. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a
third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use the Company's technology without
authorization. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company will be
successful in protecting its intellectual property or that the Company's rights
will preclude competitors from developing products or technology equivalent or
superior to those of the Company.
The telecommunications industry is characterized by the existence of a
large number of patents and frequent litigation based on allegations of patent
infringement. Although the Company is not aware of any infringement or claimed
infringement by its products or technology of the proprietary rights of others,
there can be no assurance that third parties will not assert infringement claims
against the Company in the future or that any such assertions will not result in
costly litigation or require the Company to obtain a license to intellectual
property rights of such parties. There can be no assurance that any such
licenses would be available on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all.
Furthermore, litigation could result in substantial cost to and diversion of
efforts by the Company regardless of outcome. Any infringement claims or
litigation against the Company could materially and adversely affect the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition,
the Company's growth strategy includes a plan to enter international markets and
the laws of some foreign countries do not protect the Company's proprietary
rights regarding its products to the same extent as do the laws of the United
States. See "Risk Factors--Dependence on Proprietary Technology."
REGULATION
The Company's products must meet industry standards and receive
certification for connection to certain public telecommunications networks prior
to their sale. In the United States, the Company's products must comply with
various regulations promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC")
and Underwriters Laboratories. Internationally, the Company's products must
comply with standards established by telecommunications authorities in various
countries as well as with recommendations of the Consultative Committee on
International Telegraph and Telephony. In addition, certain planned products of
the Company may be required to be certified by BellCore in order to be
commercially viable. Although the Company's products have not been denied any
regulatory approvals or certifications to date, any future inability to obtain
on a timely basis or retain domestic or foreign regulatory approvals or
certifications or to comply with existing or evolving industry standards could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition
and results of operations.
The telecommunications industry is subject to regulation in the United
States and other countries. Federal and state regulatory agencies, including the
FCC and the various state Public Utility Commissions ("PUCs") and Public Service
Commissions regulate most of the Company's
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domestic customers. In February 1996, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (the
"Telecom Act") was passed. The Telecom Act allows IXCs, RBOCs, CAPs, independent
telephone companies and electric utility companies to compete with each other to
provide local and long-distance service. The Company believes that the Telecom
Act will increase the demand for systems, software and services as
telecommunications service providers respond to the changing competitive
environment by constructing new networks or enhancing existing networks.
In addition, the FCC and a majority of the states have enacted or are
considering regulations based upon alternative pricing methods. Under
traditional rate of return pricing, telecommunications service providers were
limited to a stated percentage of profit on their investment. Under the new
method of pricing, many PUCs have relaxed or eliminated the profit cap in return
for the carrier's promise to reduce or hold service prices at current levels. In
some states, the PUCs and the carriers have further agreed, in order to win
relaxation of profit limits, that the carriers would invest large sums to
upgrade the digital and lightwave capabilities of the network. The Company
believes that the new methods of price regulation could increase the demand for
its products.
Outside the United States, telecommunications networks are primarily owned
by the government or are strictly regulated by the government. Although
potential growth rates of some international markets are higher than those of
the United States, access to such markets is often difficult due to the
established relationships between the government-owned or controlled
telecommunications operating company and its traditional indigenous suppliers.
However, there has been a global trend towards privatization and deregulation of
the state-owned telecommunications operations. The Company believes that the
current trend of privatization and deregulation will continue and that such
trend could enhance the Company's international opportunities.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 1996, the Company employed a full-time staff of 89
employees, of which 26 were engineering personnel, 16 were production personnel,
18 were sales staff and 29 were administrative personnel. The Company has
agreements with all employees covering assignment of inventions and patents to
the Company and confidentiality, as well as a comprehensive security agreement.
The Company believes that its relationship with its employees is good.
RISK FACTORS
AN INVESTMENT IN THE COMMON STOCK INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. IN
ADDITION TO THE OTHER INFORMATION IN THIS REPORT, THE FOLLOWING RISK FACTORS
SHOULD BE CONSIDERED CAREFULLY IN EVALUATING THE COMPANY AND ITS BUSINESS. THIS
REPORT CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS THE ACCURACY OF WHICH IS SUBJECT TO
MANY RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES. THE COMPANY'S ACTUAL RESULTS MAY DIFFER
SIGNIFICANTLY FROM THE RESULTS DISCUSSED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS.
FACTORS THAT MIGHT CAUSE SUCH A DIFFERENCE INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO, THE
FOLLOWING RISK FACTORS.
LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY; CUMULATIVE LOSSES. The Company commenced
shipment of its initial product in February 1996. Since its inception in October
1990, the Company has incurred substantial costs to develop and enhance its
technology, to create, introduce and enhance its product offerings, to establish
marketing and distribution relationships, to recruit and train a sales and
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marketing group, and to build an administrative organization. As a consequence,
the Company has incurred operating losses in each fiscal year through December
31, 1996. As of December 31, 1996, the Company had incurred cumulative losses of
$8.3 million. The Company's prospects must be considered in light of the risks,
expenses and difficulties frequently encountered by companies in their early
stage of development, particularly companies in new, unproven and rapidly
evolving markets. The limited operating history of the Company makes the
prediction of future results of operations difficult or impossible, and there
can be no assurance that the Company will sustain growth or achieve
profitability.
DEPENDENCE ON SINGLE PRODUCT; UNCERTAIN MARKET ACCEPTANCE OF PLANNED
PRODUCTS. The Company has to date derived all of its sales from its initial
product, the ASA 312. The Company expects that sales of the ASA 312 will
continue to account for a substantial portion of the Company's sales for the
foreseeable future. The market for lightwave management products is in an early
stage of development and there is uncertainty regarding the size and scope of
the market. The Company's future performance will depend on increased sales of
the ASA 312 and the successful development, introduction and market acceptance
of new and enhanced products. In January 1997, prototypes of the Company's
initial Remote Access Agents were placed in field trials by a private network
operator, however, the Company has not yet had sales of this product. The
occurrence of undetected software or hardware errors (which frequently occur
when new products are first introduced) could result in the delay or loss of
market acceptance of the Company's products and the loss of credibility with its
customers, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations. See "Business--Technology,"
"--Products," "--Product Development" and "--Competition."
RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE; DEPENDENCE ON NEW PRODUCT INTRODUCTIONS. The
market for the Company's products is characterized by frequent new product
introductions, rapidly changing technology and continued emergence of new
industry standards, any of which could adversely affect sales of the
Company's products or render the Company's existing products obsolete. The
Company's success will depend upon its ability to develop, manufacture and
sell, in a timely fashion, new products and enhancements to its existing
products that meet changing customer requirements, gain market acceptance and
satisfy emerging industry standards. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to meet these objectives, and any failure to do so could
have a material adverse effect upon the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations. See "Business--Technology,"
"--Products," and "--Product Development."
COMPETITION. The market for the Company's products is intensely
competitive and subject to rapid technological change, frequent product
introductions with improved performance-to-price ratios and continued emergence
of new industry standards. In addition to its current competitors, the Company
anticipates that it will face competition from other companies as the market for
its products grows and as it releases additional and enhanced products.
Furthermore, many of the Company's large competitors offer customers a broader
product line than the Company currently offers or can be expected to offer. Many
of the Company's current and potential competitors have longer operating
histories and substantially greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and
other resources, as well as greater name recognition and larger installed bases,
than the Company. Such companies may have a competitive advantage over the
Company when selling similar products or alternative lightwave management
solutions. Increased competition could result in significant price
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competition, reduced profit margins or loss of market share, any of which could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition
and results of operations. There can be no assurance that the Company will be
able to compete successfully against current and future competitors. See
"Business--Competition."
SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE IN MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS; DEPENDENCE ON CONTRACT
MANUFACTURING AND LIMITED SOURCE SUPPLIERS. The Company is in the process of
substantially increasing its flow of materials, contract manufacturing capacity
and internal test and quality functions to respond to anticipated customer
demand for the ASA 312 and to reduce its order lead times. Any inability to
increase product flow would limit the Company's revenue, could adversely affect
the Company's competitive position and could result in cancellations of orders.
The Company's operational strategy relies on outsourcing of manufacturing. The
Company currently subcontracts component procurement and kitting and printed
circuit board assembly to a single company (Q-1 Technologies) that specializes
in those services. The Company is seeking to secure additional sources of
supply, including additional contract manufacturers. Certain key components used
in the manufacture of the Company's products are currently purchased only from
single or limited sources. At present, the Company's only single-sourced
component is a SONET overhead terminator. Limited-source components utilized in
the ASA 312 include a single board computer, a power supply, a touch sensor and
controller, plastic housing units and other discrete components.
The Company has experienced, and may in the future experience, problems
with its various component suppliers, such as inferior quality, insufficient
quantities and late delivery. There can be no assurance that such problems will
not generate material liabilities for the Company or adversely impact the
Company's relations with its customers. In addition, the Company may in the
future experience pricing pressure from its contract manufacturers. There can be
no assurance that the Company will manage its contract manufacturers effectively
or that these manufacturers will meet the Company's future requirements for
timely delivery of products of sufficient quality and quantity. The Company
intends to introduce certain new products and product enhancements in 1997,
which may require that the Company rapidly achieve volume production by
coordinating its efforts with those of its suppliers and contract manufacturers.
The inability of the Company's contract manufacturers to provide adequate
supplies of high-quality products or the loss of any of the Company's contract
manufacturers could cause a delay in the Company's ability to fulfill orders
while the Company identifies a replacement manufacturer and could have a
material adverse effect upon the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations. See "Business--Production."
DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL. The Company's success depends to a
significant degree upon the continued contributions of key management,
engineering, sales and marketing, finance and manufacturing personnel, certain
of whom would be difficult to replace. In particular, the Company believes that
its future success is highly dependent on Dr. Bryan J. Zwan, its Chairman, Chief
Executive Officer and President. The Company does not intend to maintain key man
life insurance covering its key personnel. Until 1996, the Company was in the
development stage. Most of the Company's executive officers joined the Company
during the past year and, therefore, have been involved only with the most
recent operating activity of the Company. The Company's success will depend to a
significant extent on the retention of these executive officers, their
successful performance and the ability of these executive officers to integrate
themselves into the Company's
-11-
daily operations and for all personnel to work effectively together as a team.
See "Business--Employees" and "Directors and Executive Officers of the
Registrant--Executive Officers and Directors."
MANAGEMENT OF GROWTH. The Company has significantly expanded its
operations over the past year and the success of the Company is dependent upon
its continued expansion, particularly in hiring additional technical and
customer support personnel, developing its sales and marketing network and
expanding its manufacturing capacity. The Company may in the future undertake
acquisitions that could present challenges to the Company's management, such as
integrating and incorporating new operations, product lines, technologies and
personnel. There can be no assurance that the Company's systems, procedures and
controls will be adequate to support the Company's future operations. Failure to
manage the Company's growth properly could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
ANTICIPATED FLUCTUATIONS IN OPERATING RESULTS. It is anticipated that as
the Company matures, the Company's sales and operating results may fluctuate
from quarter to quarter and from year to year due to a combination of factors,
certain of which are outside the control of the Company, including, among others
(i) the timing and amount of significant orders from the Company's customers,
(ii) the ability to obtain sufficient supplies of sole or limited source
components for the Company's products, (iii) the ability to attain and maintain
production volumes and quality levels for its products, (iv) the mix of
distribution channels and products, (v) new product introductions by the
Company's competitors, (vi) the Company's success in developing, introducing and
shipping product enhancements and new products, (vii) pricing actions by the
Company or its competitors, (viii) changes in material costs and (ix) general
economic conditions. Any unfavorable changes in these or other factors could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition
and results of operations. The Company does not anticipate that its backlog at
the beginning of each quarter will be sufficient to achieve expected revenue for
that quarter. To achieve its revenue objectives, the Company expects that it
will have to obtain orders during a quarter for shipment in that quarter. As a
result of all of the foregoing, there can be no assurance that the Company will
be able to sustain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. See
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations."
DEPENDENCE ON PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY. The Company's success and its
ability to compete are dependent in part upon its proprietary technology.
Although the Company has applied for several patents on elements of its core
technology, the Company currently does not hold any patents and relies on a
combination of contractual rights, trade secrets and copyright laws to establish
and protect its proprietary rights in its products. There can be no assurance
that the patents for which the Company has applied will be issued, that steps
taken by the Company to protect its technology will be adequate to prevent
misappropriation of its technology or that the Company's competitors will not
independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior
to the Company's technology. In the event that protective measures are not
successful, the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, the
Company's growth strategy includes a plan to enter international markets, and
the laws of some foreign countries do not protect the Company's proprietary
rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States.
-12-
The Company is subject to the risk of adverse claims and litigation
alleging infringement of intellectual property rights of others. Given that
patent applications in the United States are not publicly disclosed until the
patent issues, applications may have been filed which, if issued as patents,
could relate to the Company's products. The Company's industry is characterized
by a large number of patents, some of which have broad claims which, if valid
and enforceable, would pose a risk of infringement. Although the Company is not
aware that its technology infringes on the proprietary rights of others and has
not received any notice of claimed infringements, there can be no assurance that
third parties will not assert infringement claims against the Company in the
future or that such claims will not be successful. The Company could incur
substantial costs in defending itself and its customers against any such claims,
regardless of the merits of such claims. Parties making such claims may be able
to obtain injunctive or other equitable relief which could effectively block the
Company's ability to sell its products in the United States and abroad, and
could obtain an award of substantial damages any of which could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations. In the event of a successful claim of infringement, the Company, its
customers and end-users may be required to obtain one or more licenses from
third parties. There can be no assurance that the Company or its customers could
obtain necessary licenses from third parties at a reasonable cost or at all. See
"Business--Intellectual Property."
CUSTOMER CONCENTRATION. For the year ended December 31, 1996, sales to
MCI, Ameritech and PacTel accounted for 25%, 19% and 15% of total sales,
respectively. The Company does not anticipate that its sales to these customers
will continue to be as significant in future periods as a percentage of total
sales. The success of the Company is dependent upon broadening its customer base
to increase its level of sales. Any reduction or delay in sales of its products
to its principal customers or the loss of one or more of the Company's principal
customers could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations. See "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and
"Business--Customers."
PRODUCT CERTIFICATIONS. The Company's products must meet industry
standards and receive certification for connection to certain public
telecommunications networks prior to their sale. In the United States, the
Company's products must comply with various regulations promulgated by the FCC
and Underwriters Laboratories. Internationally, the Company's products will be
required to comply with standards established by telecommunications authorities
in various countries as well as with recommendations of the Consultative
Committee on International Telegraph and Telephony. In addition, certain planned
products, such as the virtual switching products, must be certified by Bell
Communications Research, Inc. ("Bellcore") to be commercially viable. Although
the Company's products have not been denied any regulatory approvals or
certifications to date, any future inability to obtain on a timely basis or
retain domestic or foreign regulatory approvals or certifications or to comply
with existing or evolving industry standards could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
CONTROL BY PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDER. The Company's Chairman, Chief Executive
Officer and President, together with entities affiliated with him, beneficially
owns approximately 76% of the Company's outstanding Common Stock. Accordingly,
he is able to elect the Company's directors, will retain the voting power to
approve all matters requiring stockholder approval and will continue
-13-
to have significant influence over the affairs of the Company, including the
power to delay or prevent a change in control of the Company. See "Security
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management."
FACTORS INHIBITING TAKEOVER. Certain provisions of the Company's charter
documents, including provisions limiting the ability of stockholders to take
action by written consent and limiting the ability of stockholders to raise
matters at a meeting of stockholders without giving advance notice, and
provisions establishing supermajority affirmative voting requirements as a
prerequisite to certain extraordinary corporate transactions, may have the
effect of delaying or preventing changes in control or management of the
Company, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of the Company's
Common Stock. The Board of Directors has authority to issue up to 20,000,000
shares of Preferred Stock and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and
restrictions, including voting rights, of these shares without any further vote
or action by the stockholders. The rights of the holders of the Company's Common
Stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the
holders of any Preferred Stock that may be issued in the future. The issuance of
Preferred Stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a
change in control of the Company. Furthermore, such Preferred Stock may have
other rights, including economic rights, senior to the Common Stock, and, as a
result, the issuance of such Preferred Stock could have a material adverse
effect on the market value of the Common Stock. In addition, Section 203 of the
Delaware General Corporation Law restricts certain business combinations with
any "interested stockholder" as defined by such statute.
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE. Sales of a substantial number of shares
of Common Stock in the public market could adversely affect the market price for
the Company's Common Stock. In connection with the Company's recent initial
public offering (the "Initial Public Offering"), all directors and officers of
the Company and each of the selling stockholders therein agreed with the
underwriters not to sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of Common Stock for
a period of 180 days after February 5, 1997 (the "Lock-Up Agreements"), without
the prior written consent of Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation ("CSFBC").
Beginning 180 days after such date, assuming that CSFBC does not consent to any
sales prior to such time, approximately 21,167,524 shares of Common Stock
subject to the Lock-Up Agreements will become eligible for sale in the public
market, subject to compliance with the provisions of Rule 144 ("Rule 144"),
promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act").
Of those shares, 20,000,000 shares of Common Stock are held by Dr. Zwan, the
Company's Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President. As an
"affiliate" (as defined under Rule 144) of the Company, Dr. Zwan may only sell
his shares of Common Stock in the public market after the 180-day period and in
compliance with the volume limitations of Rule 144. At various times on and
after April 29, 1997, approximately 410,253 shares of Common Stock, which are
held by "non-affiliates" (as defined under Rule 144) of the Company and are
not subject to the Lock-Up Agreements, will become eligible for sale in the
public market subject to the requirements of Rule 144.
POSSIBLE VOLATILITY OF STOCK PRICE. The market price of the shares of
Common Stock is likely to be highly volatile and may be significantly affected
by factors such as actual or anticipated fluctuations in the Company's results
of operations and other factors. In addition, the stock market has from time to
time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have
particularly
-14-
affected the market prices for the common stocks of technology companies. These
broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of the Company's
Common Stock.
-15-
GLOSSARY
ADD/DROP - Adding is including a lower transmission rate signal in a higher
transmission rate signal. For example, an OC-3 signal can be added to an OC-12
signal without altering the OC-3 signal. Dropping is removing a lower
transmission rate signal from a higher transmission rate signal.
ASYNCHRONOUS - Signals that are not generated from the same timing
reference and are therefore not identical in frequency.
ATM (ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE) - An information transfer standard that is
one of a general class of technologies that relay traffic by way of an address
contained within the first five bytes of a standard 53-byte-long packet or cell.
The ATM format can be used by many different information systems, including the
public telecommunications network, WANs and LANs, to deliver traffic at varying
rates, permitting the efficient delivery of enhanced data services and
multimedia, which is a mix of voice, video and data.
BANDWIDTH - The range of frequencies that can be transmitted through a
medium, such as glass fibers, without distortion. The greater the bandwidth,
the greater the information-carrying capacity of such medium.
BIT - A contraction of the term binary digit which represents a single
digit of information expressed as a 0 or 1, high or low, or yes or no.
BROADBAND - A communications system that can transmit large quantities of
voice, data and video. Examples of broadband communication systems include
DS-3, which can transmit 672 simultaneous voice conversations and higher speed
fiber optic systems or a broadcast television station signal, which can transmit
high resolution audio and video signals into the home. Broadband connectivity
is also an essential element for interactive multimedia applications.
CAP (COMPETITIVE ACCESS PROVIDER) - A company that provides its customers
with an alternative to the RBOC for local transport of private line, special
access and interstate transport of telecommunications service.
CROSS-CONNECT EQUIPMENT - Distribution system equipment used to terminate
and administer communication circuits. In a wire cross connect, jumper wires or
patch cords are used to make circuit connections. In an optical cross connect,
fiber patch cords are used.
DEMULTIPLEX - The process of separating two or more signals that were
previously multiplexed.
DIGITAL - A method of storing, processing and transmitting information
through the use of distinct electronic or optical pulses that represent the
binary digits 0 and 1. Digital transmission and switching technologies (both
fiber and microwave) employ a sequence of these pulses to represent information
as opposed to the continuously variable analog signal. The precise digital
numbers minimize distortion (such as graininess or snow in the case of video
transmission, or static or other background distortion in the case of audio
transmission).
-16-
DS-0, DS-1, DS-3 - Standard telecommunications industry digital signal
formats, which are distinguishable by bit rate (the number of binary digits (0
and 1) transmitted per second). DS-0 service has a bit rate of 64 Kbps and can
transmit one voice conversation. DS-1 service has a bit rate of 1.544 Mbps and
can transmit 24 simultaneous voice conversations. DS-3 service has a bit rate
of 45 megabits per second and can transmit 672 simultaneous voice conversations.
EMAIL OR ELECTRONIC MAIL - The transmission of memoranda and messages over
a network. Users can send eMail to a single recipient or broadcast it to
multiple users.
ETHERNET - A protocol commonly used on LANs.
ENHANCED DATA SERVICES - Products and services designed for the transport
and delivery of integrated information to include voice, data and video and any
combination thereof.
FEAC (FAR END ALARM AND CONTROL) - A special sequence of bits which enable
telecommunications service providers to control the functioning of a remote
network element.
FCC - Federal Communications Commission.
FIBER OPTIC - A transmission medium consisting of a core of glass or
plastic surrounded by a protective cladding, strengthening material and outer
jacket which guides light pulses introduced into the fiber by a laser.
FIRMWARE - Software that is contained permanently in a hardware device and
which can be rewritten.
GATE ARRAY - A circuit that has a number of logical circuits arranged in an
array, or regular pattern, normally customized to suit a specific application.
GIGABIT PER SECOND (GBPS) - One billion bits of information per second.
The information carrying capacity (i.e., bandwidth) of a circuit may be measured
in "gigabits per second."
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE - A type of display format that enables the user
to choose commands, start programs and see lists of files and other options by
pointing to pictorial representations and lists of menu items on the screen.
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (MICROPROCESSOR) - A series of miniaturized
interconnected electronic circuits inseparably associated within a silicon or
geranium substitute.
INTERNET - The name used to refer to the world's largest internetwork,
consisting of thousands of networks joined by the Internet suite of protocols.
IXC (INTEREXCHANGE CARRIER) - A company providing long distance services or
service within local access and transport areas on an intrastate or interstate
basis.
-17-
KILOBIT PER SECOND (KBPS) - One thousand bits of information per second.
The information-carrying capacity (i.e., bandwidth) of a circuit may be measured
in "kilobits per second."
LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK) - A group of computers and other devices dispersed
over a relatively limited area and connected by a communications link that
enables any device to interact with any other on the network.
LEGACY - Older generations of transmission technologies which continue to
be utilized in telecommunications networks.
LIGHTWAVE - Light as a communication signal over fiber-optic cable
traveling as discrete pulses, each representing one bit of digital information.
LIGHTWAVE MANAGEMENT - Perception, evaluation, control and transmission of
lightwave communications.
MAPPING - A procedure of loading data into a group of bits of data (which
are marked off with flags to indicate the beginning and end of the group) such
that specific pieces of data can be located within the group of bits by network
equipment.
MEGABIT PER SECOND (MBPS) - One million bits of information per second.
The information-carrying capacity (i.e., bandwidth) of a circuit may be measured
in "megabits per second."
MULTIPLEX - The process of combining two or more signals for transmission
over the same circuit or channel at the same time.
NETWORK ELEMENT - A functional entity in a network, such as a multiplexer,
a switch interface or a digital cross-connect.
NETWORK PROTOCOL PROCESSORS (NPPS) - Modular hardware platforms for the
processing of various ranges of bandwidths and protocols.
NETWORK PROTOCOL TRANSLATORS (NPTS) - Modular gate arrays that supply
discrete network information from signals at specific bandwidths and on specific
protocols.
NON-BLOCKING SWITCH MATRIX - An internal switch in a system that has the
ability to switch multiple transmissions to different circuits simultaneously
without causing congestion internally in the switch.
NON-VOLATILE MEMORY - A type of memory that does not lose its content when
power is turned off or lost. It can be used as a virtual hard disk.
-18-
OC-1, OC-3, OC-3C, OC-12, OC-48 - Optical carrier signaling rates, measured
in bits transmitted per second. The basic rate for OC-1 is 51.840 Mbps. All
higher levels are direct multiples of OC-1 (e.g., OC-12 = 12 times 51.840 Mbps).
OEM (ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER) - The customer of a component
manufacturer, which integrates the components into the products sold by the
customer in the ordinary course of its business.
OVERHEAD - Information carried in network transmissions, other than
payload, including routing information, error-checking characters and status and
operational information.
PAYLOAD - User transmitted data, including voice, data and/or video
content, which may include network management and accounting information.
PCMCIA (PERSONAL COMPUTER MEMORY CARD INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION) CARD - A
credit card sized card that plugs directly into a computer. The card can have
many different functions, such as providing additional memory, modem
capabilities, LAN connections, and interfaces.
PDH (PLESIOCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY) - Two or more signals that are not
generated from the same timing reference but are nominally at the same frequency
to a defined degree of precision.
PROTOCOL - A specific set of rules, procedures or conventions relating to
the format and timing of data transmission between two devices.
RAM - Random access memory.
RBOCS (REGIONAL BELL OPERATING COMPANIES) - The seven local telephone
companies (formerly part of AT&T) established by court decree in 1982.
REMOTE ACCESS AGENT - A product of the Company designed to be distributed
throughout a network to provide network operators with real-time information
concerning the network segments where the Remote Access Agent has been
installed. This product can be centrally monitored and administered.
SDH (SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY) - An electronics and network
architecture utilized on most continents other than North America for variable
bandwidth products which enables transmission of voice, video and data
(multimedia) at very high speeds.
SOFTWARE CALIBRATION - Calibration of equipment using software functions
that measure and adjust through software controllable parameters.
SONET (SYNCHRONOUS OPTICAL NETWORK TECHNOLOGY) - An electronics and network
architecture utilized primarily in North America for variable-bandwidth products
which enables transmission of voice, video, and data (multimedia) at very high
speeds.
-19-
SWITCH - A device that opens or closes circuits or selects the paths or
circuits to be used for transmission of information. Switching is a process of
interconnecting circuits to form a transmission path between users.
SWITCH MATRIX - A series of gate arrays which provide for the routing of
signals from one circuit path to another.
T-CARRIER OR T-1 OR T-3 - Insulated copper wire cables which carry
electrically transmitted digital signals. A T-1 cable carries a DS-1 signal
(1.544 Mbps), and a T-3 cable carries a DS-3 signal (45 Mbps). Also, a generic
name for any of several digitally multiplexed carrier systems originally
designed to carry digitalized voice signals.
TEST INSTRUMENTS - Equipment that measures the conditions of a signal on a
fiber or metallic cable, which measures level, frequencies and faults in signal
information.
UTP (UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR) - A type of cable that is common for
telephone and data traffic to the end user.
VIRTUAL SWITCHING PRODUCT - A product the Company plans to develop which
will provide connections among end systems on demand.
WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK) - A group of LANs dispersed over a relatively wide
area and interconnected on dedicated telecommunication lines.
WEB OR WORLD WIDE WEB OR WWW - An Internet network that links documents by
providing hypertext links from server to server. It allows a user to jump from
document to related document no matter where it is stored on the Internet. World
Wide Web client programs, or Web browsers, allow users to "browse" the Web.
-20-
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
FACILITIES
The Company occupies a headquarters facility of 15,824 square feet in
Clearwater, Florida, with rent payable in the amount of approximately $279,100
per year plus a portion of operating expenses. This facility is leased through
January 31, 1998. The Company has an option to extend the term of the lease for
an additional three-year period.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
The Company is not a party to any material litigation and is not aware of
any pending or threatened material litigation.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this Report, the
following matters were approved by 89% of the shares of the Company's Common
Stock then issued and outstanding, pursuant to a Written Consent of Stockholder
(in lieu of special meeting) dated October 31, 1996:
1. A reverse stock split on a two-for-three basis of the shares of the
Company's Common Stock then issued and outstanding (the "Reverse Stock Split");
2. Certain amendments to the Company's Certificate of Incorporation to
give effect to the Reverse Stock Split; and
3. An amendment to the Digital Lightwave, Inc. 1996 Stock Option Plan in
order to maintain the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance
under such plan (after giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split) at 5,000,000
shares.
-21-
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
The Company's shares of Common Stock have traded on the Nasdaq National
Market System under the symbol DIGL since February 6, 1997. The prices set
forth below represent quotes between dealers and do not include commissions,
mark-ups or mark-downs, and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
Common Stock
Low High
February 6, 1997 through March 27, 1997 $7 1/8 $13 3/8
On March 27, 1997, the closing bid and ask prices of the Company's
Common Stock were $7 1/8 and $7 5/8, respectively.
As of February 28, 1997, there were 58 holders of record and in excess
of 525 beneficial owners of the Company's Common Stock. The Company has not
paid any dividends since its inception and does not contemplate payment of
dividends in the foreseeable future.
-22-
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
The following selected financial data are derived from the Financial
Statements of the Company. The selected financial data should be read in
conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations" and the Financial Statements of the Company and
Notes thereto.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Sales.................................. $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 6,044
Cost of sales.......................... - - - - 2,079
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Gross profit - - - - 3,965
Operating expenses:
Research and development............. 366 439 1,241 1,508 2,403
Selling, general and administrative.. 77 106 327 1,217 3,086
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total operating expenses............... 443 545 1568 2,725 5,489
Operating income (loss)................ (443) (545) (1,568) (2,725) (1,524)
Net interest income (expense).......... (16) (41) (114) (613) (384)
Other income (expense)................. - - - 4 (200)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Income (loss) before income taxes...... (459) (586) (1,682) (3,334) (2,108)
Provision for income taxes............. (1) (1) (1) - -
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net income (loss)...................... $ (460) $ (587) $ (1,683) $ (3,334) $ (2,108)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net income (loss) per share............ $ (0.01) $ (0.01) $ (0.04) $ (0.08) $ (0.10)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Weighted average shares outstanding(1). 41,044,921 41,044,921 41,044,921 39,443,614 21,829,235
December 31,
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Working capital (deficit).................... $ (104) $ (725) $ (1,939) $ (8,595) $ 2,349
Total assets................................. 299 194 332 1,277 6,374
Short-term notes payable..................... 257 555 1,602 7,897 750
Long-term debt............................... -- -- 500 -- --
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)......... (58) (645) (2,328) (8,163) 3,449
_______________________________
(1) On November 30, 1995, 19,215,686 shares of Common Stock were purchased
by the Company from a former stockholder pursuant to an option granted to
the Company by the former stockholder in February 1995. See "Certain
Relationships and Related Transactions--Transactions with Former
Stockholder."
-23-
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
THIS REPORT CONTAINS CERTAIN STATEMENTS OF A FORWARD-LOOKING NATURE
RELATING TO FUTURE EVENTS OR THE FUTURE PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY. PROSPECTIVE
INVESTORS ARE CAUTIONED THAT SUCH STATEMENTS ARE ONLY PREDICTIONS AND THAT
ACTUAL EVENTS OR RESULTS MAY DIFFER MATERIALLY. IN EVALUATING SUCH STATEMENTS,
PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS SHOULD SPECIFICALLY CONSIDER VARIOUS FACTORS IDENTIFIED IN
THIS REPORT, INCLUDING THE MATTERS SET FORTH ABOVE UNDER THE CAPTION "RISK
FACTORS," WHICH COULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE
INDICATED BY SUCH FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS.
OVERVIEW
The Company manufactures and sells Network Information Computers, has
developed prototypes of certain Remote Access Agents and has other products in
design and development. The Company's products are based on the Company's core
software, firmware and hardware technology which was developed over a five year
period. In February 1996, the Company commenced sales of the ASA 312. To date,
the Company has not entered into long term agreements or blanket purchase orders
for the sale of its products, but generally obtains purchase orders for
immediate shipment and other cancelable purchase commitments. The Company's
sales during a particular quarter are, therefore, highly dependent upon orders
placed by customers during the quarter. Consequently, sales may fluctuate
significantly from quarter to quarter due to the timing and amount of orders
from customers, among other factors.
The Company allocates all of its fixed production costs to the cost of
goods sold of those products shipped during a given period. Accordingly, gross
profit may fluctuate significantly from period to period as a result of the
change in overall sales volumes. Gross profit may be affected in the future by
the introduction of new products which generate differing gross margins and by
the sales mix during a given period. The Company plans to pursue OEM
relationships with respect to the sale of Remote Access Agents. The Company has
not negotiated any such arrangements but anticipates that its pricing to OEMs
would be less than with respect to direct sales resulting in lower gross margins
in connection with these arrangements. However, sales and marketing expenses are
generally lower in the case of sales to OEMs.
The Company believes that its operating expenses will continue to increase
as a result of a variety of factors including: (i) increased research and
development expenses associated with the completion of the products in
development and the continued enhancement of existing products; and
(ii) increased selling, general and administrative expenses associated with
continued expansion of sales and marketing capabilities, product advertising and
promotion. See "Business--Product Development." The Company recognizes research
and development expenses when incurred.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
1996 COMPARED TO 1995
SALES. Sales of the ASA 312 increased from $0 for 1995 to $6.0 million
for 1996 reflecting the initiation of sales of the ASA 312 during the first
quarter of 1996. Total sales of $185,000, $1.1
-24-
million, $1.7 million and $3.0 million were made during the first, second, third
and fourth quarters of 1996, respectively. During 1996, sales to MCI, Ameritech
and PacTel accounted for 25%, 19% and 15% of total sales, respectively. The
Company does not anticipate that the sales to these customers will continue to
be as significant in future periods as a percentage of sales. The success of the
Company is dependent upon broadening its customer base to increase its level of
sales.
COST OF GOODS SOLD. Cost of goods sold increased from $0 for 1995 to $2.1
million for 1996. Gross margin on the sale of ASA 312 units during 1996 was 66%.
Cost of goods sold includes direct costs of subassemblies and components, fixed
costs of the Company's production department, indirect costs, and contract
services. Fixed production costs amounted to $495,000 for 1996.
OPERATING EXPENSES. Operating expenses increased 101% from $2.7 million
for 1995 to $5.5 million for 1996 as a result of increases in research and
development and selling, general and administrative expenses. Research and
development expense increased 59% from $1.5 million for 1995 to $2.4 million for
1996 primarily as a result of adding engineering personnel to broaden the
Company's technology and to develop new products. Selling, general and
administrative expenses increased 154% from $1.2 million for 1995 to $3.1
million for 1996 primarily due to facility expansion, employment of managerial
and support staff and commissions directly related to sales.
NET INTEREST EXPENSE. Net interest expense decreased 37% from $613,000 for
1995 to $384,000 for 1996 primarily due to the reduction in servicing short-term
debt, all but $750,000 of which had been repaid as of the date of this Report.
NET OTHER EXPENSE. Net other expense increased from $0 for 1995 to
$200,000 for 1996 primarily due to nonrecurring extension fee payments
associated with short term indebtedness of the Company which had been repaid
prior to the date of this Report.
1995 COMPARED TO 1994
OPERATING EXPENSES. Operating expenses increased 74% from $1.6 million for
1994 to $2.7 million for 1995 as a result of increases in research and
development and selling, general and administrative expenses. Research and
development expense increased 22% from $1.2 million for 1994 to $1.5 million for
1995 as a result of additional personnel costs incurred to support the
development of enhancements to new applications for and pre-production costs
related to the ASA 312. Selling, general and administrative expense increased
272% from $327,000 for 1994 to $1.2 million for 1995 due to the hiring of
additional administrative personnel and costs associated with the introduction
of the ASA 312 at trade shows.
NET INTEREST EXPENSE. Net interest expense increased 438% from $114,000
for 1994 to $613,000 for 1995 primarily as a result of the incurrence of
indebtedness to finance operations.
1994 COMPARED TO 1993
OPERATING EXPENSES. Operating expenses increased 188% from $545,000 for
1993 to $1.6 million for 1994 as a result of increases in research and
development and selling, general and administrative expenses. Research and
development expense increased 183% from $439,000 for
-25-
1993 to $1.2 million for 1994 primarily as a result of an increase in technical
personnel to support development of the Company's technology, the purchase of
components to manufacture prototype products and product design expenses
associated with the ASA 312. Selling, general and administrative expenses
increased 208% from $106,000 for 1993 to $327,000 for 1994, primarily as a
result of increased personnel and employee relocation costs.
NET INTEREST EXPENSE. Net interest expense increased 178% from $41,000 for
1993 to $114,000 for 1994 primarily as a result of reliance on external debt to
finance operations.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
During the year ended December 31, 1996, the Company sold 2,518,917 shares
of Common Stock in private transactions, including the issuance of 1,283,001
shares upon the exercise of outstanding options and warrants, for an aggregate
of $13.7 million, and issued $750,000 in 18% unsecured subordinated promissory
notes due May 31, 1997 (the "Notes"). The proceeds from the sale of such
shares of Common Stock were used for working capital and to retire all of the
Company's indebtedness other than the Notes. The Company's working capital
position improved from a deficit of $8.6 million as of December 31, 1995 to a
surplus of $2.3 million as of December 31, 1996 primarily due to the issuance
of Common Stock, increases in accounts receivable and decreases in short-term
obligations. During February 1997, the Company sold 3,658,860 shares of
Common Stock pursuant to the Initial Public Offering for an aggregate of
$40.8 million (before deducting related expenses payable by the Company),
which was utilized to retire the Notes and increase working capital.
The Company requires substantial working capital to fund its business,
particularly to finance inventories and accounts receivable and for capital
expenditures. As a result of the substantial quarterly increases in sales, trade
accounts receivable increased to $2.5 million as of December 31, 1996. The
Company's future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the
rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending to support product
development efforts and expansion of sales and marketing, the timing of
introductions of new products and enhancements to existing products and market
acceptance of the Company's products. There can be no assurance that additional
equity or debt financing, if required, will be available on acceptable terms or
at all.
Management estimates that capital expenditures will be approximately $4.0
million in 1997, primarily for the purchase of equipment related to product
development and automation of production operations, for the purchase of tooling
for plastic injection production molds, for ASA 312 production and for
furniture, fixtures and equipment in connection with leasing additional space
for the Company's operations.
The Company believes that the proceeds from the Initial Public Offering and
anticipated cash flow from operations will be sufficient to fund the Company's
working capital and capital expenditure requirements at budgeted levels through
1997.
-26-
QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS (UNAUDITED)
The following table presents unaudited quarterly operating results for each
of the Company's quarters during the year ended December 31, 1996. This
information has been prepared by the Company on a basis consistent with the
Company's financial statements and includes all adjustments, consisting only of
normal recurring accruals, in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles. Such quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of future
operating results. This information should be read in conjunction with the
Financial Statements of the Company and Notes thereto included elsewhere in this
Report.
THREE MONTHS ENDED
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAR. 31, % OF JUN. 30, % OF SEP. 30, % OF DEC. 31, % OF
1996 SALES 1996 SALES 1996 SALES 1996 SALES
---------- ----- ------- ------ -------- ------ -------- -----
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
Sales.................................... $ 185 100% $1,129 100% $ 1,723 100% $3,007 100%
Gross profit............................. 60 32% 732 65% 1,093 63% 2,080 69%
Operating expenses:
Research and development............... 464 251% 522 46% 667 39% 750 25%
Selling, general and administrative.... 421 228% 591 52% 933 54% 1,141 38%
------- ------- ------ ------ ------- ------- ------ ------
Total operating expenses................. 885 1,113 1,600 1,891 63%
Operating income (loss).................. (825) (381) (507) 189 6%
Net interest income (expense)............ (309) (88) (17) 30 1%
Other income (expense)................... 2 3 (198) (7) 0%
------- ------ ------- ------ ------
Net income (loss)........................ $(1,132) $ (466) $ (722) $ 212 7%
------- ------ ------- ------
------- ------ ------- ------
Net income (loss) per share.............. $ (0.06) $(0.02) $ (0.03) $ 0.01
------- ------ ------- ------
------- ------ ------- ------
-27-
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
The financial statements of the Company are annexed to this Report as pages
F-1 through F-17.
Page
----
Report of Independent Accountants F-2
Balance Sheets F-3
Statements of Operations F-4
Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) F-5
Statements of Cash Flows F-6
Notes to Financial Statements F-7
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.
-28-
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
The following table sets forth certain information concerning the executive
officers and directors of the Company:
NAME AGE POSITION
---- --- --------
Bryan J. Zwan 49 Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive
Officer, President and Director
Seth P. Joseph 42 Senior Executive Vice President and
Director
Beth A. Morris 43 Vice President, Finance and Secretary
Eric A. Mitchell 37 Vice President, National Account Sales
Gerald T. Gentile 36 Vice President, Engineering
Thomas V. Williams 45 Vice President, Manufacturing
Kenneth T. Myers 42 Vice President, Advanced Products
Denise Licciardi 36 Vice President, Administration
Daniel Lorch 45 Vice President, Customer Development
Robert Goransson 37 Vice President, Qualifications
Doug C. Dohring 38 Director
William F. Hamilton 57 Director
William Jefferson Marshall 41 Director
_______________________
DR. ZWAN founded the Company in October 1990 and has served as Chairman of
the Board, Chief Executive Officer and a Director since the Company's inception
and served as its President from inception until March 1996 and since October
1996. From 1987 to 1991, Dr. Zwan was Chief Executive Officer of Digital
Photonics, Inc. ("DPI"), a SONET multiplexer manufacturer which he founded in
1987. DPI was purchased in December 1990 by Digital Transmission Systems, Inc.,
a manufacturer of digital cross-connect equipment and DS1 modems. From 1985 to
1987, Dr. Zwan was Vice President, Optical Products at DSC Communications
Corporation, a global provider of telecommunication transmission, cross-connect
and network access equipment. Dr. Zwan was a member of the Research Facility
Staff at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for two years, and holds a
Ph.D. in Space Physics from Rice University and B.S. degrees in Physics and
Chemistry from the University of Houston.
MR. JOSEPH has been Senior Executive Vice President and a Director of the
Company since September 1996. For more than the five years prior to September
1996, he was a partner in the law firm of Baker & McKenzie, during which time he
concentrated on corporate finance, merger and acquisition transactions and
providing general corporate advice.
MS. MORRIS has been Vice President, Finance of the Company since
January 1996. Prior to joining the Company as Controller in January 1995, from
July 1989 through October 1994, Ms. Morris was the Controller of Tredegar Molded
Products Co. Technical Center, a division of Tredegar
-29-
Industries, Inc., a developer and producer of molded plastic products, where
she performed various administrative functions in accounting, purchasing and
human resources. Ms. Morris is a Certified Public Accountant in the State of
Florida.
MR. MITCHELL has been Vice President, National Account Sales of the Company
since September 1996, having served as Vice President, Sales of the Company from
April 1995 to September 1996. From October 1992 to March 1995, Mr. Mitchell was
the National Sales Manager and then President of Crown Herald, Inc., a
manufacturer of imprinted corporate products, where he was initially responsible
for various sales and marketing activities and later for all phases of
operations. Prior to that, from March 1989 to October 1992, Mr. Mitchell was
Regional Manager of Penn Corporation, a manufacturer of imprinted corporate
products.
MR. GENTILE has been Vice President, Engineering of the Company since
January 1997. From March 1995 to January 1997 he served as Engineering and
Scientific Manager of the Microwave Logic Products Division of Tektronix
Inc., having previously served as the Engineering Manager of Microwave Logic,
Inc. from April 1990 to March 1995. Mr. Gentile holds a B.S.E.E. from the
University of Massachusetts.
MR. WILLIAMS has been Vice President, Manufacturing of the Company since
April 1995. Prior to joining the Company, from March 1994 to April 1995,
Mr. Williams was an independent consultant to Lockheed Martin Corporation, a
defense contractor. From February 1991 to March 1994, Mr. Williams was a Program
Manager at Group Technologies Corporation, a manufacturer of computers and
electronic products.
MR. MYERS has been Vice President, Advanced Products of the Company since
June 1996, having served as Engineering and Design Manager since joining the
Company in September 1991. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Myers was the
Chief Engineer at DPI from 1987 to 1991.
MS. LICCIARDI has been Vice President, Administration of the Company
since September 1996. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Licciardi was Vice
President, Administration at New Link, Inc., a telecommunications company,
from April 1994 until August 1996, and Executive Vice President at Real World
Corporation, a software supplier, from May 1984 until March 1994.
MR. LORCH has been Vice President, Customer Development of the Company
since June 1996. Prior to joining the Company, from June 1980 to June 1996,
he served as Chief Executive Officer and President of D. C. Digital
Engineering, Inc., a nationwide field service and computer maintenance
company.
MR. GORANSSON has been Vice President, Qualifications of the Company
since August 1996, having previously served as Quality Assurance Manager of
the Company from March 1996 to August 1996. Prior to joining the Company, he
served as Project Manager at Ericsson Network Systems, a manufacturer of
telephone switching systems, from April 1981 until March 1996.
MR. DOHRING was elected as a Director of the Company in June 1996. He
serves as Chairman of the Board of The Dohring Company, Inc., a firm founded
by Mr. Dohring which provides market research and consulting services. In
1995, The Dohring Company had 75 employees and ranked 54th on Advertising
Age's list of the top 100 market research firms in the nation. Mr. Dohring
served as
-30-
President of the Company from March 1996 to October 1996. From its inception in
1986 until March 1996, he served as Chief Executive Officer of The Dohring
Company, Inc.
DR. HAMILTON is the Landau Professor of Management and Technology at the
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and has been a professor at
the University of Pennsylvania since July 1967. He is also a director of the
following public companies: Centocor, Inc., Hunt Manufacturing Co., Marlton
Technologies, Inc. and Neose Technologies, Inc.
MR. MARSHALL is a Senior Managing Director and the Chief Technical Officer
of Bear, Stearns & Co., Inc., responsible for its telecommunications and
information technology operations, and has been employed with Bear, Stearns &
Co., Inc. since September 1986. He is a co-founder of the ATM Forum.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The Board of Directors currently consists of five members, Messrs. Zwan,
Joseph, Dohring, Hamilton and Marshall. The Company's Bylaws provide that the
Board of Directors can fix the authorized number of directors from time to time
between one and nine. The Board of Directors intends to establish committees,
including executive, compensation and audit committees, each of which will
report to the Board of Directors.
Executive officers are appointed by, and serve at, the discretion of the
Board of Directors. There are no family relationships among any of the directors
or executive officers of the Company.
SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE
The directors, officers and beneficial owners of more than ten percent
(10%) of the Company's Common Stock were not subject to the requirements of
Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, during the fiscal
year ended December 31, 1996.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
During 1996, directors did not receive compensation for serving as members
of the Board of Directors. Directors of the Company who are not officers or
employees of the Company will receive an annual fee of $10,000. Directors are
reimbursed for travel and other expenses relating to attendance at meetings of
the Board of Directors or committees.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table shows, for the year ended December 31, 1996, the cash
and other compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to Dr. Zwan and each other
executive officer who earned in excess of $100,000 for all services in all
capacities (the "Named Executive Officers"):
-31-
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
LONG TERM
COMPENSATION
AWARDS
------------
ANNUAL COMPENSATION SECURITIES
------------------- UNDERLYING OTHER
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITIONS SALARY BONUS OPTIONS (#) COMPENSATION(1)
- ---------------------------- -------- ------- ------------ ---------------
Bryan J. Zwan..................................... $300,000 $ -- -- $215,340
Chairman of the Board, President and
Chief Executive Officer
Kenneth T. Myers.................................. 100,000 -- 100,000 81,495
Vice President, Advanced Products
Eric A. Mitchell.................................. 57,636 -- 20,000 34,861
Vice President, National Account Sales
Doug C. Dohring................................... 101,155 -- 176,667 36,282
Former President
Elizabeth W. Weigand.............................. 122,500 -- 7,000(2) 50,000
Former Executive Vice President
Al G. Zwan........................................ 21,650 -- -- 97,520
Former Executive Vice President
______________________________
(1) Includes deferred compensation of $215,340 received by Bryan J. Zwan from
the Company for 1995. Includes deferred compensation of $81,495 received by
Kenneth T. Myers from the Company for 1991. Includes sales commissions of
$34,861 received by Eric A. Mitchell from the Company for 1996. Includes
deferred compensation of $97,520 received by Al G. Zwan from the Company
for 1994 and 1995. Includes deferred compensation of $50,000 received by
Elizabeth W. Weigand from the Company for 1994 and 1995.
(2) Of the 28,000 options originally granted to Ms. Weigand, 21,000 options
have expired because Ms. Weigand is no longer an employee of the Company.
OPTION PLAN
The Company's 1996 Stock Option Plan (the "Option Plan") became effective
on March 5, 1996. The purpose of the Option Plan is to attract and retain
qualified personnel, to provide additional incentives to employees, officers and
consultants of the Company and to promote the success of the Company's business.
A reserve of 5,000,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock has been established
for issuance under the Option Plan. The Option Plan is administered by the Board
of Directors who may delegate the administration of the plan to a committee of
the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors now has, and such committee would
have, complete discretion to determine which eligible individuals are to receive
option grants, the number of shares subject to each such grant, the status of
any granted option as either an incentive stock option or a non-statutory
option, the vesting schedule to be in effect for the option grant and the
maximum term for which any granted option is to remain outstanding.
Each option granted under the Option Plan has a maximum term of ten years,
subject to earlier termination following the optionee's cessation of service
with the Company. Options granted under the Option Plan may be exercised only
for fully vested shares. The exercise price of incentive stock options and
non-statutory stock options granted under the Option Plan must be at least 100%
and 85%, respectively, of the fair market value of the stock subject to the
option on the date of grant
-32-
(or 110% with respect to holders of more than 10% of the voting power of the
Company's outstanding stock). The Board of Directors or, when appointed, such
committee, has the authority to determine the fair market value of the stock.
The purchase price is payable immediately upon the exercise of the option. Such
payment may be made in cash, in outstanding shares of Common Stock held by the
participant, through a promissory note payable in installments over a period of
years or any combination of the foregoing.
The Board of Directors may amend or modify the Option Plan at any time,
provided that no such amendment or modification may adversely affect the rights
and obligations of the participants with respect to their outstanding options or
vested shares without their consent. In addition, no amendment of the Option
Plan may, without the approval of the Company's stockholders (i) modify the
class of individuals eligible for participation, (ii) increase the number of
shares available for issuance, except in the event of certain changes to the
Company's capital structure, or (iii) extend the term of the Option Plan. The
Option Plan will terminate on March 4, 2006, unless sooner terminated by the
Board of Directors.
As of December 31, 1996, the Company had outstanding options under the
Option Plan for an aggregate of 1,250,037 shares of Common Stock.
OPTION GRANTS IN LAST FISCAL YEAR
The following table sets forth information concerning stock options awarded
to each of the Named Executive Officers during the year ended December 31, 1996.
All such options were awarded under the Option Plan.
POTENTIAL REALIZED
VALUES AT
ASSUMED ANNUAL
RATES OF
STOCK PRICE
APPRECIATION FOR
INDIVIDUAL GRANTS OPTION TERM(1)
----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------
% OF TOTAL
NUMBER OF OPTIONS
SECURITIES GRANTED TO
UNDERLYING EMPLOYEES EXERCISE
OPTIONS IN FISCAL PRICE EXPIRATION
NAME GRANTED (#) YEAR ($/SH) DATE 5% 10%
---- ----------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Bryan J. Zwan............... -- -- -- -- -- -
Kenneth T. Myers............ 100,000 8.0% $5 3/02 $170,000 $386,000
Eric A. Mitchell............ 20,000 1.6% $5 3/02 34,000 77,200
Doug C. Dohring............. 176,667 14.1% $5 12/99 139,567 293,267
Elizabeth W. Weigand........ 7,000(2) 0.6% $5 3/02 11,900 27,020
Al G. Zwan.................. -- -- -- -- -- -
______________________
(1) Potential realizable value is based on the assumption that the Common Stock
appreciates at the annual rate shown (compounded annually) from the date of
grant until the expiration of the option term. These numbers are calculated
-33-
based on the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission and do
not reflect the Company's estimate of future price growth.
(2) Of the 28,000 options originally granted to Ms. Weigand, 21,000 options
have expired because Ms. Weigand is no longer an employee of the Company.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding options to
purchase shares of Common Stock held as of December 31, 1996 by each of the
Named Executive Officers.
NUMBER OF SECURITIES
UNDERLYING UNEXERCISED
OPTIONS AT FISCAL YEAR END
--------------------------------------
NAME EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE
---- ----------- -------------
Bryan J. Zwan.......... -- --
Kenneth T. Myers....... -- 100,000
Eric A. Mitchell....... -- 20,000
Doug C. Dohring........ 176,667 --
Elizabeth W. Weigand... -- 7,000(1)
Al G. Zwan............. -- --
___________________________
(1) Of the 28,000 options originally granted to Ms. Weigand, 21,000 options
have expired because Ms. Weigand is no longer an employee of the Company.
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
On September 30, 1996, the Company entered into an employment agreement
with Mr. Joseph (the "Employment Agreement"). The Employment Agreement provides
for Mr. Joseph's employment as Senior Executive Vice President of the Company at
a base salary of $250,000, with eligibility to receive an incentive bonus as
determined by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors. The
Employment Agreement provides for an initial term of five years with one
automatic five-year renewal unless terminated by either the Board of Directors
or Mr. Joseph in writing at least 180 days prior to a renewal at the end of the
initial term. The Employment Agreement contains confidentiality and noncompete
provisions by Mr. Joseph in favor of the Company. In the event of the
termination of Mr. Joseph, other than for cause, Mr. Joseph will be entitled to
severance payments in various fractions or multiples of annual compensation (in
no case exceeding three times annual compensation) depending upon whether the
termination is made following death or disability of Mr. Joseph, a change in
control of the Company or termination without cause by the Company.
-34-
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial
ownership of the Company's Common Stock as of February 28, 1997 by (i) each
person who is known by the Company to own beneficially more than 5% of the
outstanding shares of Common Stock, (ii) each director of the Company,
(iii) each named executive officer, and (iv) all directors and executive
officers of the Company as a group. Unless otherwise indicated below, to the
knowledge of the Company, all persons listed below have sole voting and
investing power with respect to their shares of Common Stock, except to the
extent authority is shared by spouses under applicable law, and their address is
601 Cleveland Street, Fifth Floor, Clearwater, Florida 34615.
SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED(1)
----------------------------
NAME NUMBER PERCENT
- ----------------------------------------------- ---------- -------
Bryan J. Zwan(2)............................... 20,000,000 76.4%
Seth P. Joseph(3).............................. 263,014 1.0%
Doug C. Dohring(4)............................. 176,667 *
Kenneth T. Myers(3)............................ 25,000 *
Eric A. Mitchell(3)............................ 5,000 *
Beth A. Morris(5).............................. 5,166 *
Thomas V. Williams(6).......................... 3,883 *
Daniel Lorch................................... 3,166 *
Robert Goransson(7)............................ 2,854 *
Gerald T. Gentile.............................. 1,250 *
Denise Licciardi(8)............................ 1,249 *
All executive officers and directors as a group
(11 persons)(9)................................ 20,487,249 76.9%
_______________________________
* Less than one percent
(1) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the
Securities and Exchange Commission that deem shares to be beneficially
owned by any person who has or shares voting or investment power with
respect to such shares. Unless otherwise indicated below, the persons and
entities named in the table have sole voting and sole investment power with
respect to all shares beneficially owned, subject to community property
laws where applicable. Shares of Common Stock subject to options that are
currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of February 28, 1997
are deemed to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person
holding such options for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership
of such person but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of
computing the percentage ownership of any other person.
(2) Includes 4,666,900 shares of Common Stock held by ZG Partners, Ltd. (the
"Zwan Partnership"). Dr. Zwan is a general partner of the Zwan
Partnership, in which he holds a 1% general partnership interest. As the
general partner, he has sole voting and investment control over the shares
of Common Stock held by the Zwan Partnership. Dr. Zwan is Chairman of the
Board, Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company.
(3) Consists of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to employee stock
options that may be exercised within 60 days of February 28, 1997.
-35-
(4) Consists of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to employee stock
options that may be exercised within 60 days of February 28, 1997. His
address is 3000 Cornwall Drive, Glendale, California 91206.
(5) Includes 4,750 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to employee stock
options that may be exercised within 60 days of February 28, 1997.
(6) Includes 2,500 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to employee stock
options that may be exercised within 60 days of February 28, 1997 and 300
shares held in the name of this individual's spouse.
(7) Includes 2,688 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to employee stock
options that may be exercised within 60 days of February 28, 1997.
(8) Includes 416 shares held in the name of this individual's spouse.
(9) Includes shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to employee stock options
held by executive officers and directors that may be exercised within 60
days of February 28, 1997.
-36-
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS.
LOAN TO FOUNDER
On December 21, 1995, the Company loaned Dr. Zwan, the Company's Chairman
of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, $1.7 million which he advanced to LMI,
Inc. ("LMI"), a corporation wholly owned by Dr. Zwan, to enable LMI to repay a
loan extended to LMI by a former stockholder of the Company. See "--Transactions
with GAF HK." The loan to Dr. Zwan is due on December 20, 1997. Interest only
is payable monthly at the rate of 9% per annum and the original principal amount
of the loan remains outstanding as of the date of this Report.
LOANS MADE BY FOUNDER
Since 1991, Dr. Zwan from time to time has advanced personal funds to the
Company to fund working capital needs. These loans were evidenced by demand
promissory notes bearing interest at 9% per annum. All such loans were
satisfied prior to June 30, 1996.
LOANS GUARANTEED BY FOUNDER
Dr. Zwan and/or his wife have personally guaranteed most of the Company's
indebtedness incurred since inception. As of the date of this Report, no
indebtedness of the Company which had been guaranteed by Dr. Zwan and/or his
wife remained outstanding.
TRANSACTIONS WITH FORMER STOCKHOLDER
On June 21, 1994, Dr. Zwan sold 19,215,686 of the 39,215,686 shares of the
Common Stock then outstanding (after giving effect to subsequent splits and
conversions) to an unaffiliated third party (the "Former Stockholder") for a
purchase price of $500,000 pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement (the "Stock
Purchase Agreement"). In connection with that transaction, the Former
Stockholder became a member of the Company's Board of Directors and the Former
Stockholder and the Company entered into a Shareholders' Agreement, restricting
both the stockholders' ability to transfer their shares and the Company's
ability to issue additional shares of Common Stock and any other securities.
Sale of the 19,215, 686 shares was originally intended to be a part of a series
of transactions pursuant to which Dr. Zwan would also acquire stock of and
provide technological support to certain companies owned by the Former
Stockholder, the businesses of which are not related to telecommunications.
Subsequently, Dr. Zwan determined not to proceed with the planned affiliation
and on February 9, 1995, the Company acquired from the Former Stockholder the
option to repurchase the shares of Common Stock held by the Former Stockholder
for a price of $2.5 million (the "Option"). The Option originally provided that
the Company would be credited with a $1.6 million partial payment of the Option
purchase price upon payment of such amount to GAF HK (hereinafter defined) by
LMI with respect to the GAF HK Loan (hereinafter defined). The Option
subsequently was modified to reduce the price to $801,000 and eliminate the
credit for LMI's payment of the GAF HK Loan. On November 30, 1995, the Company
exercised the Option by repurchasing the 19,215,686 shares subject to the Option
for $801,000 (the "Repurchase") and the Former Stockholder resigned from the
Board of Directors.
-37-
TRANSACTIONS WITH GAF USA
Pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement, in June 1994 the Former
Stockholder caused Great American Fun Corp., an Ohio corporation which was
wholly owned by the Former Stockholder ("GAF USA"), to provide the Company with
a $3 million line of credit facility secured by the Company's business assets
(the "GAF USA Loan"). The Company's maximum outstanding principal balance under
the GAF USA Loan was $2.4 million. The principal of the GAF USA Loan bore
interest at the prime rate and was secured by 9,200,000 shares of Common Stock
held of record by Dr. Zwan. The GAF USA Loan was retired on September 5, 1996.
TRANSACTIONS WITH GAF HK
On June 25, 1994, LMI borrowed $1.5 million (the "GAF HK Loan") from Great
American Fun (HK) Ltd., a Hong Kong corporation wholly owned by the Former
Stockholder ("GAF HK"). The GAF HK Loan had an original maturity date of
August 31, 1995, but was extended until December 22, 1995. On December 22,
1995, the GAF HK Loan was retired with the proceeds of a loan by the Company to
Dr. Zwan, which he advanced to LMI. See "--Loan to Founder."
LEGAL SERVICES
Seth P. Joseph, the Senior Executive Vice President and a director of the
Company, was a partner in the law firm of Baker & McKenzie for more than five
years prior to joining the Company in September 1996. Baker & McKenzie received
legal fees from the Company in connection with professional services provided to
the Company during 1995 and 1996.
-38-
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K.
(a) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES. Index to financial statements
appears on F-1.
(b) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K. No reports on Form 8-K were filed during the
fourth quarter of the period covered by this Report.
(c) EXHIBITS.
1.01* -- Form of Underwriting Agreement
3.01* -- Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant
3.02* -- Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant
dated January 8, 1997
3.03* -- Amended and Restated By-laws of Registrant
4.01* -- Specimen Certificate for the Common Stock
10.01* -- Executive Employment Agreement dated September 30, 1996
between Registrant and Seth P. Joseph
10.02* -- Lease Agreement dated October 7, 1994 between
Registrant and Atrium at Clearwater, Limited
10.03* -- First Lease Agreement Amendment dated February 16, 1996
between Registrant and Atrium at Clearwater, Limited
10.04* -- Form of Indemnification Agreement between Registrant
and officers and directors of Registrant
10.05* -- Digital Lightwave, Inc. 1996 Stock Option Plan
27.01 -- Financial Data Schedule
_______________________________
* Incorporated by reference to the similarly described exhibits filed in
connection with the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File
No. 333-09457, declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission
on February 5, 1997.
-39-
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: March 31, 1997 DIGITAL LIGHTWAVE, INC.
By: /s/ Bryan J. Zwan
---------------------------
Bryan J. Zwan
Chief Executive Officer and
President
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
/s/ Bryan J. Zwan
- ------------------------------
Bryan J. Zwan Chairman of the Board,
Chief Executive Officer,
President and Director
(Principal Executive Officer) March 31, 1997
/s/ Beth A. Morris
- ------------------------------
Beth A. Morris Chief Financial Officer,
Secretary and Treasurer
(Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer) March 31, 1997
- ------------------------------
Doug C. Dohring Director
March 31, 1997
/s/ Seth P. Joseph
- ------------------------------
Seth P. Joseph Senior Executive Vice President
and Director March 31, 1997
/s/ William F. Hamilton
- ------------------------------
William F. Hamilton Director March 31, 1997
/s/ William Jefferson Marshall
- ------------------------------
William Jefferson Marshall Director March 31, 1997
-40-
DIGITAL LIGHTWAVE, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Report of Independent Accountants F-2
Balance Sheets F-3
Statements of Operations F-4
Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) F-5
Statements of Cash Flows F-6
Notes to Financial Statements F-7
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
The Board of Directors
Digital Lightwave, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Digital Lightwave, Inc. (the
Company) as of December 31, 1995 and 1996, and the related statements of
operations, stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 1996. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of Digital Lightwave, Inc. as of
December 31, 1995 and 1996, and the results of its operations and its cash flows
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1996, in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles.
Tampa, Florida
January 15, 1997, except for the information in Notes 6 and 12,
for which the dates are February 28 and 5, 1997, respectively.
F-2
DIGITAL LIGHTWAVE, INC.
BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1995 AND 1996
1995 1996
ASSETS ------------ ------------
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 72,091 $ 1,165,187
Receivables 10,206 2,509,624
Notes receivable 0 44,331
Inventories 622,030 849,947
Prepaid expenses 47,515 472,038
------------ ------------
Total current assets 751,842 5,041,127
Property and equipment, net 514,587 1,291,671
Other assets 10,395 41,270
Total assets $ 1,276,824 $ 6,374,068
------------ ------------
------------ ------------
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 1,277,499 $ 1,756,132
Notes payable 7,695,000 750,000
Notes payable - related party 202,450 0
Capital lease obligation, current portion 171,759 186,080
------------ ------------
Total current liabilities 9,346,708 2,692,212
Capital lease obligation 88,280 233,227
Other long-term liabilities 4,547 0
------------ ------------
Total liabilities 9,439,535 2,925,439
------------ ------------
Commitments (Notes 6, 7, 8, and 10)
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Preferred stock, $.0001 par value;
authorized 20,000,000 shares; no shares
issued or outstanding 0 0
Common stock, $.0001 par value;
authorized 200,000,000 shares; issued
and outstanding 20,000,000 and 22,518,917
shares, respectively 2,000 2,252
Additional paid-in capital 522,214 14,240,951
Accumulated deficit (6,986,925) (9,094,574)
------------ ------------
(6,462,711) 5,148,629
Less: Note receivable from stockholder (1,700,000) (1,700,000)
------------ ------------
Total stockholders' equity (deficit) (8,162,711) 3,448,629
------------ ------------
Total liabilities and stockholders'
equity (deficit) $ 1,276,824 $ 6,374,068
------------ ------------
------------ ------------
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
F-3
DIGITAL LIGHTWAVE, INC.
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1994, 1995 AND 1996
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
Sales $ 0 $ 0 $ 6,044,273
Cost of goods sold 0 0 2,079,560
------------ ------------ ------------
Gross profit 0 0 3,964,713
------------ ------------ ------------
Operating expenses:
Research and development 1,240,565 1,508,366 2,402,760
General and administrative 260,345 1,017,287 1,380,034
Sales and marketing 67,082 199,235 1,706,630
------------ ------------ ------------
Total operating expenses 1,567,992 2,724,888 5,489,424
------------ ------------ ------------
Operating loss (1,567,992) (2,724,888) (1,524,711)
Other income (expense):
Interest income 961 7,516 210,910
Interest expense (115,410) (620,981) (595,274)
Other income (expense), net 0 4,166 (198,574)
------------ ------------ ------------
Loss before income taxes (1,682,441) (3,334,187) (2,107,649)
Provision for income taxes (800) 0 0
------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss $ (1,683,241) $ (3,334,187) $ (2,107,649)
------------ ------------ ------------
------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss per share (0.04) (0.08) (0.10)
------------ ------------ ------------
------------ ------------ ------------
Weighted average common and
common equivalent shares
outstanding 41,044,921 39,443,614 21,829,235
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
F-4
DIGITAL LIGHTWAVE, INC.
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1994, 1995 AND 1996
NOTE
COMMON STOCK RECEIVABLE
------------------------- ADDITIONAL FROM
SHARES AMOUNT PAID-IN CAPITAL (DEFICIT) STOCKHOLDER TOTAL
---------- ---------- ---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Balance, January 1, 1994 39,215,686 $ 3,922 $ 523,174 $ (1,171,857) $ 0 $ (644,761)
Net loss 0 0 0 (1,683,241) 0 (1,683,241)
---------- ---------- ---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Balance, December 31, 1994 39,215,686 3,922 523,174 (2,855,098) 0 (2,328,002)
Purchase and retirement of
common stock, November (19,215,686) (1,922) (960) (797,640) 0 (800,522)
Note receivable from 0 0 0 0 (1,700,000) (1,700,000)
stockholder
Net loss 0 0 0 (3,334,187) 0 (3,334,187)
---------- ---------- ---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Balance, December 31, 1995 20,000,000 2,000 522,214 (6,986,925) (1,700,000) (8,162,711)
Issuance of common stock in
exchange for debt 1,013,924 101 4,818,775 0 0 4,818,876
Sale of common stock 221,992 23 2,602,339 0 0 2,602,362
Issuance of common stock upon
exercise of stock options 31,334 3 38,997 0 0 39,000
Issuance of common stock upon
exercise of warrants 1,251,667 125 6,258,626 0 0 6,258,751
Net loss 0 0 0 (2,107,649) (2,107,649)
---------- ---------- ---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Balance, December 31, 1996 22,518,917 $ 2,252 $ 14,240,951 $ (9,094,574) $ (1,700,000) $ 3,448,629
---------- ---------- ---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
---------- ---------- ---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
F-5
DIGITAL LIGHTWAVE, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1994, 1995 AND 1996
1994 1995 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss $ (1,683,241) $ (3,334,187) $ (2,107,649)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities:
Interest expense converted to equity 0 0 205,000
Depreciation and amortization 59,137 101,759 204,067
Loss on disposal of property 42,609 0 8,244
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in receivables 0 (10,206) (2,499,418)
Increase in inventories (96,605) (525,425) (227,917)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets (29,335) (21,015) (455,398)
Increase in notes receivable 0 0 (44,331)
Decrease in other long-term liabilities 0 0 (4,547)
Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities 241,151 780,276 478,633
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash used by operating activities (1,466,284) (3,028,798) (4,443,316)
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash flows for investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment (93,321) (173,264) (634,934)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash used by investing activities (93,321) (173,264) (634,934)
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Stockholder receivable 2,000,000 (1,700,000) 0
Proceeds from notes payable (300,000) 5,695,000 2,350,000
Principal payments on notes payable 152,000 0 (3,000,000)
Proceeds from notes payable, related party (304,501) 100,000 0
Principal payments on notes payable, related party (19,015) 0 (202,450)
Principal payments, capital lease obligation 0 (46,504) (195,193)
Cash paid for common stock 0 0 7,218,989
Purchase of and retirement of common stock 0 (800,522) 0
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by financing activities 1,528,484 3,247,974 6,171,346
------------ ------------ ------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (31,121) 45,912 1,093,096
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 57,300 26,179 72,091
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 26,179 $ 72,091 $ 1,165,187
------------ ------------ ------------
------------ ------------ ------------
Supplementary information:
Cash paid for interest $ 87,985 $ 153,595 $ 546,813
------------ ------------ ------------
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash paid for income taxes $ 0 $ 800 $ 0
------------ ------------ ------------
------------ ------------ ------------
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Capital lease obligation $ 51,200 $ 246,100 $ 354,500
------------ ------------ ------------
------------ ------------ ------------
Fixed asset additions included in accounts payable at year end $ 0 $ 24,900 $ 0
------------ ------------ ------------
------------ ------------ ------------
Disposals of property and equipment $ 0 $ 0 $ 17,814
------------ ------------ ------------
------------ ------------ ------------
Notes payable converted to equity $ 0 $ 0 $ 6,295,000
------------ ------------ ------------
------------ ------------ ------------
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
F-6
DIGITAL LIGHTWAVE, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
GENERAL - Digital Lightwave, Inc. (the Company) was incorporated on
October 12, 1990. The Company commenced business on February 15, 1991 to
develop and manufacture network information systems.
CASH EQUIVALENTS - The Company considers all highly liquid investments with
an initial maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
PREPAID EXPENSES - Prepaid expenses include approximately $426,000 in costs
incurred in connection with the initial public offering of common stock of
the Company (the offering) that have been deferred as of December 31, 1996.
See Note 12. These costs will be offset against additional paid-in capital
upon the consummation of the offering.
INVENTORIES - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in,
first-out) or market.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT - The Company's property and equipment, including
certain assets under capital leases, are stated at cost, less accumulated
depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are provided
using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 5-7 years, or
over the lesser of the term of the lease or the estimated useful life of
assets under the capital lease. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as
incurred while renewals and betterments are capitalized. Upon the sale or
retirement of property and equipment, the accounts are relieved of the cost
and the related accumulated depreciation and amortization, and any
resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations.
ACCRUED WARRANTY - The Company provides the customer a warranty with each
product sold and accrues warranty expense based upon a percentage of sales.
Actual warranty costs incurred are charged against the accrual when paid.
REVENUE RECOGNITION - Revenue is recognized at the date of shipment, as the
Company has no further significant obligations.
DEFERRED REVENUE - Deferred revenue, which primarily represents amounts
billed to customers in advance of shipment of goods, is recorded at the
date of billing. Revenue is subsequently recognized at the date of
shipment.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Software development costs are included in
research and development and are expensed as incurred. SFAS No. 86,
"Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased, or
Otherwise Marketed," requires the capitalization of certain software
development costs during the period following the time that technological
feasibility is established until general release of the product to
customers. The capitalized cost is then amortized over the estimated
product life. To date, the period between achieving technological
feasibility and the general release to customers has been short and,
therefore, software development costs qualifying for capitalization have
been insignificant.
F-7
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, CONTINUED:
INCOME TAXES - The Company accounts for income taxes under Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes",
which requires recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the
expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the
financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax
liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the
financial statement and the tax bases of assets and liabilities using
enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are
expected to reverse.
COMPUTATION OF NET LOSS PER SHARE - Net loss per common and common
equivalent share for the years ended December 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996 have
been computed using the weighted average number of common and common
equivalent shares outstanding using the treasury stock method, as adjusted
for the common stock conversion described in Note 10, for all periods
presented is summarized as follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
---------- ---------- ----------
Weighted average common stock outstanding 40,591,270 38,989,963 21,375,584
Weighted average common stock
equivalents outstanding 453,651 453,651 453,651
---------- ---------- ----------
Shares used in net loss per share
computation 41,044,921 39,443,614 21,829,235
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission,
common stock, stock options, and warrants issued by the Company during the
twelve months immediately preceding the initial public offering date have
been included in the calculation of the weighted average shares outstanding
for all periods presented using the treasury stock method based on the
estimated initial public offering price. Accordingly, weighted average
common stock outstanding includes 1,375,584 of common stock equivalent
shares issued during the year ended December 31, 1996 shown as outstanding
for all periods presented. Weighted average common stock equivalents
outstanding includes 453,651 common stock equivalent shares for options
issued during the year ended December 31, 1996.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK - Financial instruments which potentially
subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of
cash and cash equivalents and receivables. As of December 31, 1995 and
1996, substantially all of the Company's cash balances, including amounts
representing outstanding checks, were deposited with what management
believes to be high-quality financial institutions. During the normal
course of business, the Company extends credit to customers conducting
business primarily in the telecommunications industry within the United
States.
F-8
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, CONTINUED:
USE OF ESTIMATES - The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date
of the financial statements. Estimates also affect the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could
differ from those estimates.
2. INVENTORIES:
Inventories at December 31, 1995 and 1996 are summarized as follows:
1995 1996
---------- ----------
Raw materials $ 417,846 $ 335,605
Work-in-progress 204,184 339,455
Finished goods 0 174,887
---------- ----------
$ 622,030 $ 849,947
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
3. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT:
Property and equipment at December 31, 1995 and 1996 are
summarized as follows:
1995 1996
---------- ----------
Test equipment $ 210,662 $ 457,195
Computer equipment and software 303,719 729,220
Tooling 119,366 174,957
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment 56,305 308,959
---------- ----------
690,052 1,670,331
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (175,465) (378,660)
---------- ----------
$ 514,587 $1,291,671
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Equipment under capital lease and related accumulated amortization,
included above at December 31, 1995 and 1996 are summarized as follows:
1995 1996
---------- ----------
Test equipment $ 143,203 $ 219,294
Computer equipment and software 246,104 551,279
---------- ----------
389,307 770,573
Less accumulated amortization (133,502) (229,569)
---------- ----------
$ 255,805 $ 541,004
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
F-9
4. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities at December 31, 1995 and 1996 are
summarized as follows:
1995 1996
---------- ----------
Accounts payable $ 485,877 $ 418,897
Accrued audit/legal fees 25,000 227,842
Deferred compensation 548,278 98,515
Deferred revenue 0 141,680
Accrued warranty 0 53,013
Advance from stockholder 0 400,000
Payable to stockholders 14,036 179,036
Accrued sales commissions 0 147,750
Accrued interest 153,595 11,434
Accrued vacation 30,623 60,083
Accrued payroll taxes 13,315 7,396
Other 6,775 10,486
---------- ----------
$1,277,499 $1,756,132
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
5. INCOME TAXES:
The tax effected amounts of temporary differences at December 31, 1995 and
1996 are summarized as follows:
1995 1996
---------- ----------
Current:
Deferred tax asset:
Deferred compensation $ 206,317 $ 37,071
Other 11,511 22,609
Valuation allowance (213,172) (58,913)
---------- ----------
Total current deferred tax asset 4,656 767
---------- ----------
Net current deferred tax asset $ 4,656 $ 767
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Noncurrent:
Deferred tax asset:
Net operating loss carryforward $1,854,316 $2,772,869
Other 0 18,158
Research and experimentation credit 141,767 141,767
Valuation allowance (1,953,422) (2,895,095)
---------- ----------
Total noncurrent deferred tax asset $ 42,661 $ 37,699
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Deferred tax liability:
Property related $ (47,317) $ (38,466)
---------- ----------
Total deferred tax liability (47,317) (38,466)
---------- ----------
Net noncurrent deferred tax asset $ 0 $ 0
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
F-10
5. INCOME TAXES, CONTINUED:
Management believes that it is more likely than not that the tax benefit
associated with these deferred tax assets will not be realized and,
therefore as of December 31, 1996, the Company has established a valuation
allowance of approximately $2,954,000. The result is an increase in the
valuation allowance from December 31, 1995 of approximately $787,400.
As of December 31, 1996, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards
of approximately $8,077,000 for tax purposes. Due to certain change of
ownership requirements of Section 382 of the IRC, utilization of the
Company's net operating losses incurred prior to July 1, 1993 is expected
to be limited to approximately $7,500 per year. This limitation in
conjunction with the expiration period for these pre-July 1, 1993 net
operating losses results in the Company's total net operating losses
available being limited to approximately $7,369,000. Loss carryforwards
will expire between the years 2005 and 2011.
As of December 31, 1996, the Company also had general business credit
carryforwards of $142,000 which expire between the years 2008 and 2011.
These credits are also subject to the Section 382 annual limitation.
Approximately $15,000 of these credits are subject to the 382 annual
limitation.
Following is a reconciliation of the applicable federal income tax as
computed at the federal statutory tax rate to the actual income taxes
reflected in the statement of operations.
DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31,
1994 1995 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
Tax at U.S. Federal income tax rate $ (572,302) $ (1,133,624) $ (716,720)
State income tax, net of Federal (61,102) (121,031) (76,520)
benefit
Other 28,591 10,865 5,826
Valuation allowance increase 695,138 1,266,024 787,414
Research and experimentation credit (90,325) (22,234) 0
------------ ------------ ------------
Provision for income taxes $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
------------ ------------ ------------
------------ ------------ ------------
6. NOTES PAYABLE:
Notes payable at December 31, 1995 and 1996 are summarized as follows:
1995 1996
---------- ----------
Note payable, collateralized by 46% of the
outstanding shares of common stock, and
guaranteed by the Company's sole stockholder
at December 31, 1995; interest at prime,
interest and principal due and payable
September 6, 1996; total credit facilities
$1,500,000 $1,500,000 $ 0
Note payable, collateralized by 46% of the
outstanding shares of common stock, and
guaranteed by the Company's sole stockholder
at December 31, 1995; interest at prime,
interest and principal due and payable
September 6, 1996; total credit facilities
1,500,000 900,000 0
F-11
1995 1996
---------- ----------
6. NOTES PAYABLE, CONTINUED:
Notes payable, guaranteed by the Company's
sole stockholder at December 31, 1995 ,
interest at 16% and principal due and payable
at various dates in January, February, and
March of 1996 (1)(2) $2,100,000 $ 0
Note payable, collateralized by 51% of the
entire class of common stock; interest at 16%,
interest payable monthly, principal due and
payable September 20, 1996; total credit
facilities $2,500,000 (2) 1,900,000 0
Note payable, guaranteed by the Company's sole
stockholder at December 31, 1995; interest at
53% with payments of principal due as follows:
$200,000 on January 8, 1996, $300,000 on
January 31, 1996 and $200,000 on
February 15, 1996 (1)(2) 700,000 0
Notes payable, unsecured, interest at 9% and
principal due and payable upon demand;
convertible to equity upon approval by both
parties (2) 250,000 0
Note payable, guaranteed by the Company's sole
stockholder at December 31, 1995, interest at
50%, interest and principal due and payable
June 21, 1996 (1) 100,000 0
Note payable, guaranteed by the Company's sole
stockholder at December 31, 1995, interest at
50%, interest and principal due and payable
June 22, 1996 (1) 100,000 0
Note payable, unsecured, interest at 35% and
principal due and payable on January 10, 1996 75,000 0
Note payable, guaranteed by the Company's sole
stockholder at December 31, 1995, interest at
50%, interest and principal due and payable
July 11, 1996 (1) 70,000 0
Notes payable, unsecured, subordinated to all
secured debt and any future lines of credit up
to $2 million, interest at 18%, interest due
and payable August 30, 1996, November 30, 1996,
February 29, 1997, and May 31, 1997; principal
due and payable May 31, 1997 (3) 0 750,000
---------- ----------
7,695,000 750,000
Less current portion 7,695,000 750,000
---------- ----------
$0 $0
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
F-12
6. NOTES PAYABLE, CONTINUED:
(1) The notes, excluding $100,000, allowed the holders to exchange the debt
prior to April 30, 1996 for stock ownership equivalent to 5,667 shares
for each $51,000 of notes payable outstanding as of the date of
conversion. Approximately $2,631,000 of the notes, including principal
and interest, were converted into 292,895 shares of common stock. See
Note 10.
(2) During February, March and April 1996, the Company entered into
subscription agreements to exchange the outstanding balance on certain
notes on the date of conversion to common stock at a range between $1.32
and $5.00 per share. Approximately $2,868,200 of the notes, including
principal and interest, were converted into 721,029 shares of common
stock. See Note 10.
(3) On February 28, 1997 the Company paid off the $750,000 of notes with
proceeds from the Initial Public Offering. See Note 12.
Notes payable-related party at December 31, 1995 and 1996 are summarized as
follows:
1995 1996
---------- ----------
Note payable, uncollateralized; interest at
9%, interest payable on demand, principal
due on demand $ 102,450 $ 0
Note payable, uncollateralized; interest at
9%, interest payable on demand, principal
due on demand 100,000 0
---------- ----------
$ 202,450 $ 0
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
The prime rate was 8.5% at December 31, 1995.
7. LEASES:
The Company is obligated under various noncancelable leases for equipment and
office space. Future minimum lease commitments under operating and capital
leases were as follows as of December 31, 1996:
CAPITAL OPERATING
YEAR LEASES LEASES
---- ---------- ----------
1997 $ 243,571 $ 333,919
1998 162,611 43,576
1999 110,074 11,385
---------- ----------
516,256 $ 388,880
Less: Amount representing interest 96,949 ----------
---------- ----------
Present value of minimum lease payments 419,307
Less: Current portion 186,080
----------
$ 233,227
----------
----------
Total rental expense was approximately $66,100, $147,900 and $241,500 for the
years ended December 31, 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively.
F-13
8. COMMITMENTS:
At December 31, 1996, the Company had contractual commitments to purchase
certain inventory items totaling approximately $3.4 million.
9. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS:
During February 1995, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Option (the
Option) with a former stockholder to repurchase the 19,215,686 shares of the
then outstanding class of common stock held by the former stockholder for a
purchase price of $2,500,000. The purchase price was subsequently reduced to
$800,522. On November 30, 1995, the Company exercised the option and
immediately retired the shares of treasury stock acquired. The exercise is
reflected in the accompanying statement of stockholder's equity (deficit) for
the year ended December 31, 1995.
During December 1995, the remaining stockholder borrowed $1,700,000 from the
Company. This note accrues interest at 9% with interest payments due
monthly. The principal sum and any accrued interest thereon is due and
payable in December 1997. The accompanying financial statements include the
note as a (decrease) increase in stockholders' equity (deficit), as well as
accrued interest of approximately $4,600 and $31,300 as of December 31, 1995
and 1996, respectively. In addition, the stockholder loaned the Company
$100,000 during December 1995. These notes, including interest accrued at
9%, were satisfied prior to December 31, 1996.
10. COMMON STOCK, STOCK OPTIONS, AND WARRANTS:
STOCK OPTIONS - During 1995, the Company entered into option agreements with
certain parties to purchase an aggregate of up to $701,000 of common stock at
the price to the public per share, in the event of an initial public offering
of common stock of the Company, at an aggregate purchase price equal to
$154,500. The Company subsequently terminated several agreements which
reduced the aggregate shares subject to such options to $470,000, at an
aggregate price equal to $39,000. The options were exercised during July
1996.
SUBORDINATED NOTE - On January 2, 1996, the Company issued (i) its 16%
Subordinated Promissory Note due January 2, 1999 in the original principal
amount of $1 million, and (ii) warrants to purchase 200,000 shares of Common
Stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share. The warrants terminate on the
earlier to occur of: (i) thirty (30) days following the filing of a
registration statement for an underwritten initial public offering of the
Common Stock of the Company, (ii) thirty (30) days following an announcement
of a change in control of the Company; or (iii) January 2, 1999. On August
27, 1996, the noteholder surrendered the Subordinated Promissory Note in
exercise of the warrants.
F-14
10. COMMON STOCK, STOCK OPTIONS, AND WARRANTS, CONTINUED:
CORPORATE MERGER - Pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the Merger)
dated January 9, 1996, Digital Lightwave, Inc., a California corporation
merged into Digital Lightwave, Inc., a Delaware corporation effective March
18, 1996. The merger increased the number of shares of common stock
authorized from 1,000,000, no par value, to 80,000,000, $.0001 par value. In
connection with the merger, the Company also authorized 20,000,000 shares of
$.0001 par value preferred stock. Each share of outstanding common stock of
the California corporation was converted into 3,921.5686 shares of common
stock of the Delaware corporation. All applicable share and per share
amounts in the accompanying financial statements have been retroactively
adjusted to reflect these events.
Effective July 25, 1996, the Board of Directors authorized an increase in the
number of authorized shares of common stock from 80,000,000 shares to
200,000,000 shares.
ISO EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION PLAN - The Company's 1996 Stock Option Plan (the
Option Plan) became effective on March 5, 1996. A reserve of 5,000,000
shares of the Company's common stock has been established for issuance under
the Option Plan. As of March 5, 1996, 410,103 options were granted at $5.00.
As of December 5, 1996, an additional 839,934 options were granted at $9.00.
SHARES OPTION PRICE
---------- ------------
Outstanding, December 31, 1995 0
Granted 1,250,037 $5.00 to $9.00
Exercised 0
Expired 0
----------
Outstanding, December 31, 1996 1,250,037 $5.00 to $9.00
----------
----------
The Option Plan will terminate on February 28, 2006, unless sooner terminated
by the Board.
In 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FAS 123, "Accounting
for Stock - Based Compensation" (FAS 123), effective for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 1995. The Company continues to apply the prior
accounting rules in recognizing expense for stock-based compensation, and
therefore, no compensation expense has been recognized for the stock options
granted under the Option Plan. Had compensation cost for the Company's stock
options granted in 1996 been determined based on the Black-Scholes option
pricing model at the date of grant, consistent with the method of FAS 123,
the Company's net loss and loss per share would have been increased to the
pro forma amounts shown below:
1996
Net loss As reported $ (2,107,649)
Pro forma $ (7,344,634)
Net loss per share As reported $ (0.10)
Pro forma $ (0.34)
F-15
10. COMMON STOCK, STOCK OPTIONS, AND WARRANTS, CONTINUED:
There were no options granted prior to 1996.
These pro forma amounts were determined using the Black-Scholes valuation
model with the following key assumptions: (a) a discount rate of between
5.77% to 6.10%; (b) a volatility factor based upon the week ending price for
comparable public companies for periods matching the terms of the options
granted (c) an average expected option life of 7.26 years; (d) there have
been no options that have expired; and (e) no payment of dividends.
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENTS - As discussed in Note 6, the Company entered into
subscription agreements (the Agreements) with certain noteholders for the
issuance of an aggregate of 782,898 shares of common stock for the surrender
of the outstanding balance on the notes (excluding certain accrued interest)
of an aggregate of $4,074,000. Pursuant to the Agreements, the Company
issued warrants to purchase 1,050,000 and 18,747 shares of common stock at an
exercise price of $5.00 and $9.00 per share, respectively. The warrants
expire on the earlier of (i) three years from their respective dates of
issuance; (ii) thirty (30) days following the filing of a registration
statement for an underwritten initial public offering of the common stock of
the Company, or (iii) a change of control of the Company. During the year
ended December 31, 1996, 1,050,000 and 1,667 shares of Common Stock were
issued upon the exercise of warrants at a price of $5.00 and $9.00 per share,
respectively. The remaining 17,080 warrants expired in connection with the
initial public offering. See Note 12.
On May 29, 1996, the Company entered into a subscription agreement with an
institutional investor for the issuance of 66,667 shares of common stock at a
price of $18.00 per share. In the event that on or before May 23, 1997 the
Company completes an initial public offering of its Common Stock, then the
price of the shares shall be adjusted by: (i) payment by the stockholder to
the Company in the amount equal to the excess, if any, over $18.00 per share
of the price to the public per share times 75% (the 75% price), or by (ii) a
payment by the Company to the stockholder equal to the excess, if any, of
$18.00 per share over the 75% price. The Company has recorded a liability of
$400,000 as of December 31, 1996, based upon management's estimate of the
expected payment to the institutional investor.
PRIVATE PLACEMENT - During the period March 13, 1996 through April 30, 1996,
the Company sold 155,326 shares of common stock, par value $.0001 per share,
at a price of $9.00 per share.
REVERSE SPLIT - Effective October 31, 1996, the Company effected a
two-for-three reverse split of its outstanding Common Stock. All share
amounts included herein have been adjusted to give historical effect to such
reverse split for all periods presented.
11. SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS:
For the year ended December 31, 1996, sales to three customers accounted
for approximately 59% of total sales.
F-16
12. INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING:
Effective February 5, 1997, the Company sold 3,658,860 shares of common
stock, $.0001 par value, in connection with an initial public offering.
Proceeds to the Company approximated $40,800,000.
F-17