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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004
Commission file number: 000-50772
Inhibitex, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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74-2708737 |
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) |
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number) |
1165 Sanctuary Parkway
Suite 400
Alpharetta, GA 30004
(678) 746-1100
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the
Act:
None
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed
all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of
registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated
filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
Act). Yes o No þ
The approximate aggregate market value of the common stock held
by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing price
on June 30, 2004 was $98,654,805
Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of
March 21, 2005: 25,187,407
Documents incorporated by reference:
Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement with respect to the
2005 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (Part III).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Inhibitex®, MSCRAMM®, Veronate® and
Aurexis® are registered trademarks of Inhibitex,
Inc. MSCRAMM is an acronym for Microbial Surface Components
Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules.
PART I
SPECIAL NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking
statements. These forward-looking statements are principally
contained in the sections entitled
Item 1-Business,
Item 2-Properties and
Item 7-Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations. These
forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks,
uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results,
performance or achievements to be materially different from any
future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied
by the forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can
identify forward-looking statements by terms such as
may, will, should,
could, would, expect,
plan, intend, anticipate,
believe, estimate, project,
predict, forecast,
potential, likely or
possible, as well as the negative of such
expressions, and similar expressions intended to identify
forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements
include, without limitation, statements relating to:
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our ability to discover and develop novel therapies to prevent
or treat serious, life threatening infections based on our
expertise in MSCRAMM proteins; |
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the potential advantages of using antibody-based products over
existing therapies; |
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the ability of antibodies that target MSCRAMM proteins to reduce
the incidence and severity of bacterial and fungal infections; |
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the ability of Veronate to reduce the number of
hospital-associated infections caused by S. aureus and
candida, and reduce overall mortality in very low birth weight
infants; |
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potential future revenue from collaborative research agreements; |
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our ability to generate product-related revenue in the future; |
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the potential volatility of our quarterly and annual operating
results; |
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the potential to discover, develop or commercialize any product
candidates resulting from existing or future collaborations,
including those with Dyax and Wyeth; |
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the number of sites we intend to utilize in our ongoing clinical
trials; |
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the anticipated length of time to fully enroll and generate data
from our Phase III Veronate trial; |
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successful results from the ongoing Phase III trial for
Veronate being sufficient to support a BLA submission for
Veronate; |
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the availability of suitable alternative sources of plasma for
the manufacture of Veronate; |
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the anticipated time frame to generate data from our
Phase II Aurexis trial; |
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our potential initiation of additional clinical trials for
Aurexis in other indications; |
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our intention to apply for Fast Track and Orphan Drug status for
our other product candidates; |
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our plans to establish a specialized hospital-based sales force
and commercialize our product candidates, particularly Veronate,
in the United States; |
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our plans to establish partnerships or collaborations with other
entities to develop and commercialize our product candidates in
other countries; |
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the potential benefits of Fast Track and Orphan Drug status; |
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increases in our research and development expenses, general and
administrative expenses and operating losses in the future; |
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the impact that adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) may have
on our results of operations; |
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our future financing requirements and how we expect to fund them; |
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the number of months that our current cash, cash equivalents and
short-term investments will allow us to operate; and |
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timing of our occupancy into a new facility |
These statements reflect our current views with respect to
future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks
and uncertainties including, without limitation: that the
preceding preclinical and clinical results related to our
antibody-based products, including Veronate and Aurexis, are not
reflective of future results; Wyeth terminating our license and
collaborative research agreement; our ability to contract with a
sufficient number of clinical trial sites to perform our
clinical trials; the rate at which investigators at such sites
can recruit patients into our clinical trials; our ongoing or
future clinical trials not demonstrating the appropriate safety
and efficacy of our product candidates; our ability to secure
and our use of third-party contract clinical research
organizations, raw material suppliers and manufacturers, who may
not fulfill their contractual obligations or otherwise perform
satisfactorily in the future; manufacturing and maintaining
sufficient quantities of clinical trial material on hand to
complete our clinical trials; our failure to obtain regulatory
approval to continue our clinical trials or to market our
product candidates; our ability to protect and maintain our
proprietary intellectual property rights from unauthorized use
by others; our successful development of a marketing, sales and
corporate infrastructure capable of supporting the
commercialization of Veronate; our ability to attract suitable
organizations to collaborate on the development and
commercialization of our product candidates, particularly
outside of the United States; that no viable product candidates
result from the collaborations with Wyeth or Dyax or that
product candidates from these collaborations do not demonstrate
any therapeutic benefit or an acceptable safety profile in
clinical trials; our collaborators do not fulfill their
obligations under the our agreements with them in the future;
the condition of the financial equity markets and our ability to
raise sufficient funding in such markets; our ability to manage
our current cash reserves as planned; changes in related
governmental laws and regulations; changes in general economic
business or competitive conditions; and other statements
contained elsewhere in this Form 10-K and risk
factors described in or referred to in greater detail in the
Risk Factors section of this Form 10-K.
There may be events in the future that we are unable to predict
accurately, or over which we have no control. You should read
this Form 10-K and the documents that we reference herein
and have been filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits
completely and with the understanding that our actual future
results may be materially different from what we expect. Our
business, financial condition, results of operations, and
prospects may change. We may not update these forward-looking
statements, even though our situation may change in the future,
unless we have obligations under the federal securities laws to
update and disclose material developments related to previously
disclosed information. We qualify all of the information
presented in this Form 10-K, and particularly our
forward-looking statements, by these cautionary statements.
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company committed to the discovery,
development and commercialization of novel antibody-based
products for the prevention and treatment of serious bacterial
and fungal infections. We currently have two product candidates
in late-stage clinical development. In February 2004, we
completed a 512 patient Phase II clinical trial for
our lead product candidate, Veronate, which we are developing
for the prevention of hospital-associated infections in
premature, very low birth weight, or VLBW, infants. In May 2004,
we initiated enrollment in a Phase III clinical trial for
Veronate. Veronate has been granted Fast Track and Orphan Drug
status by the FDA. Our second product candidate, Aurexis, is
currently being evaluated in a 60 patient Phase II
clinical trial as a first-line therapy, in combination with
antibiotics, to treat serious, life-threatening
Staphylococcus aureus, or S. aureus, bloodstream
infections in hospitalized patients. We completed the enrollment
of this trial in December 2004. Aurexis has also been granted
Fast Track status by the FDA. In addition to Veronate and
Aurexis, we have three
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other preclinical product candidates that are being developed to
prevent or treat serious bacteria or fungal infections.
All of our product candidates have been developed based on our
expertise in MSCRAMM proteins, for which we own or have licensed
numerous patents and patent applications. The development of our
product candidates are based on the discovery that MSCRAMM
proteins found on the surface of pathogenic organisms play a
prominent role in the process of infection. We have demonstrated
that antibodies that bind to these MSCRAMM proteins can prevent
or reduce the severity of infections by interfering with the
attachment of the pathogenic organisms to human tissue or
implanted medical devices. We believe our expertise in MSCRAMM
proteins and the antibodies that target them will enable us to
discover additional novel therapies, as well as to identify,
license or acquire products that prevent and treat
life-threatening infections.
We have retained all worldwide rights to Veronate and Aurexis.
We intend to commercialize Veronate in the United States by
establishing a specialized, hospital-based sales force. In
markets outside the United States, we intend to enter into
collaborations to develop and commercialize our product
candidates, including Veronate. While we plan to establish a
worldwide collaboration for Aurexis, we intend to retain
co-promotion rights to Aurexis in the United States. We
currently do not have any commercialization capabilities, and it
is possible that we may never be able to successfully
commercialize any of our product candidates. We have neither
received regulatory approval for, nor derived any commercial
revenues from, any of our product candidates.
Hospital-Associated Infections
Hospital-associated infections generally refer to infections
that patients acquire while being treated or cared for in a
hospital setting and include, among others, pneumonia,
endocarditis and bloodstream infections, or bacteremia. These
infections are for the most part caused by bacterial or fungal
organisms that are present in the hospital. Most healthy
individuals generally are not susceptible to these organisms,
but immunocompromised persons, such as VLBW infants and the
elderly, or persons who have had surgical procedures or have
in-dwelling catheters or medical devices, are particularly
vulnerable. According to the Centers for Disease Control, or
CDC, the most prevalent organisms causing hospital-associated
infections in the United States are bacterial organisms such as
S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, or
S. epidermidis, enterococcal species and fungal
organisms such as candida species.
Based on data from the CDC and Decision Resources, a market
research firm, there are an estimated six million
hospital-associated infections worldwide each year, the vast
majority of which are caused by bacteria and fungi. The CDC
estimates that approximately two million hospital-associated
infections occur in the United States each year, which are
implicated in approximately 90,000 deaths per annum. According
to the CDC, these infections also result in an estimated
$5.0 billion in healthcare costs annually in the United
States.
Antibiotics are the predominant agents used to treat
hospital-associated infections. Antibiotics are small molecule
compounds whose primary mechanisms of action are killing or
inhibiting the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics commonly used to
treat hospital-associated infections include methicillin and
vancomycin. Many bacteria have become increasingly resistant, or
unresponsive, to antibiotics, leading to an increase in the
incidence of antibiotic-resistant infections. Drug resistance is
the result of bacteria undergoing a biochemical mutation that
circumvents the mechanisms of action that generally allow
antibiotics to work. Some of the most virulent organisms that
demonstrate significant patterns of antibiotic resistance
include methicillin-resistant S. aureus, or MRSA, and
vancomycin-resistant enterococci, or VRE. In light of increasing
antibiotic resistance, we believe there is a significant unmet
medical need for novel anti-infective therapies that can prevent
or treat these serious, life-threatening infections.
Our Solution
We believe there is a substantial opportunity to utilize our
expertise in MSCRAMM proteins to discover, develop and
commercialize novel antibody-based products that address the
increasing prevalence of life-
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threatening hospital-associated infections and the lack of
effective therapies currently available to treat these
infections.
The human immune system normally protects the body against a
variety of infections and other illnesses by recognizing,
neutralizing and eliminating pathogens and malignant cells from
the body. One of the primary functions of the immune system is
the production of antibodies. Antibodies are soluble proteins
found in the plasma portion of whole blood capable of
recognizing and binding to pathogens that are potentially
harmful to the human body. Antibodies recognize and attach
themselves, or bind to antigens, examples of which include
MSCRAMM proteins present on the surface of bacteria and fungi.
In order for an effective immune response to occur without
harming normal cells, the immune system generates antibodies
that recognize and bind tightly to one specific antigen. Once an
antibody binds to its targeted antigen, it triggers the cellular
components of the immune system to clear the pathogen from the
body.
We have identified antibodies that specifically bind to a number
of different MSCRAMM proteins located on the surface of certain
pathogenic organisms. MSCRAMM proteins enable organisms to
initiate and maintain an infection by adhering to specific
binding sites within human tissue or to implanted or in-dwelling
materials, such as orthopedic implants, catheters and vascular
grafts. We believe that antibodies that target MSCRAMM proteins
can reduce the incidence and severity of bacterial and fungal
infections through two important biological mechanisms of
action. First, by binding to the MSCRAMM proteins, these
antibodies inhibit or block the invading organism from attaching
to tissue or implanted or in-dwelling medical devices. Second,
these antibodies can cover or coat the invading organism,
identifying it for clearance by other cellular components of the
immune system through a process commonly referred to as
opsoniszation.
We believe that antibody-based products developed utilizing our
expertise in MSCRAMM proteins may provide the following
advantages over existing anti-infective therapies:
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the ability to be used prophylactically in patients where the
preventive use of antibiotics is not appropriate or recommended; |
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improve patient outcomes by reducing the incidence of secondary
site infections, relapse rates, mortality and length of hospital
stay; |
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a lower likelihood of inducing patterns of drug resistance due
to their novel mechanisms of action; and |
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fewer side effects. |
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Our Product Candidates
Our antibody-based product candidates are summarized below:
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Stage of | |
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Product Candidate |
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Veronate
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Prevention of hospital-associated infections in VLBW infants |
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Phase III |
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Inhibitex |
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Aurexis
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First-line therapy for serious S. aureus infections in combination with standard of care antibiotics |
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Phase II |
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Inhibitex |
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Enterococcal monoclonal antibodies
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Hospital-associated enterococcal infections |
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Preclinical |
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Inhibitex/Dyax Corp. |
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Candida monoclonal antibodies
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Hospital-associated candida infections |
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Preclinical |
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Inhibitex |
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Staphylococcal vaccine
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Prevention of staphylococcal infections |
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Preclinical |
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Wyeth |
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Veronate is an immune globulin product candidate that contains
concentrated amounts of human antibodies that target specific
MSCRAMM proteins found on the surface of staphylococci. We are
developing Veronate for the prevention of hospital-associated
infections in VLBW infants that occur after the second day of
life. Infections that occur after the second day of life are
generally referred to by neonatologists as late-onset sepsis. In
May 2004 we initiated enrollment in a 2,000 patient
Phase III clinical trial of Veronate. Based on our
Phase II clinical trial results, we believe that Veronate
can reduce the number of hospital-associated infections caused
by S. aureus and candida organisms in VLBW infants.
Further, we believe the prophylactic use of Veronate may also
reduce the overall mortality rate in VLBW infants in part,
because infections caused by S. aureus and candida
organisms are associated with an increased risk of death among
these infants.
Veronate has been granted Fast Track status by the FDA. Fast
Track status may allow for a priority review by the FDA and is
afforded to those proposed products that the FDA believes
address life-threatening and unmet medical needs. Also, as
permitted by FDA regulations governing Fast Track status, we
intend to submit a rolling BLA for Veronate. A BLA
is the application that must be submitted to, accepted and
approved by the FDA before a biologic product can be marketed or
sold in the United States. A rolling submission
allows for a BLA to be filed in separate, completed sections
over a period of time during the drugs clinical
development period. By utilizing this rolling submission, we
intend to file the chemistry, manufacturing and controls, or
CMC, section of the BLA for Veronate by the end of 2005. We may
also file other sections of the BLA for Veronate prior to the
completion of its ongoing Phase III clinical trial. In
addition, we anticipate requesting a priority review for this
BLA. If the FDA accepts our request for a priority review, the
length of time it takes for Veronate to proceed through the FDA
approval process may be shortened. We cannot assure you that we
will receive approval for a rolling BLA submission; we will be
granted a priority review; the duration of the approval process
for Veronate will be reduced; or Veronate will be approved by
the FDA.
Veronate has also been granted Orphan Drug status for the
reduction of nosocomial bacteremia caused by staphylococci in
VLBW infants, which may provide for market exclusivity for seven
years from the date of FDA approval in certain circumstances.
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Market Opportunity for the Prevention of Hospital-Associated
Infections in VLBW Infants |
According to the National Center for Health Statistics, in 2002
there were 58,544 VLBW infants born in the United States. The
term VLBW infants refers to those infants that weigh less than
1,500 grams at birth or that are generally less than
32 weeks gestational age. Approximately 40,000 of these
VLBW infants weighed 1,250 grams or less at birth. The vast
majority of VLBW infants are cared for in neonatal intensive
care units, or NICUs. The average length of stay in the NICU for
VLBW infants is approximately two months.
VLBW infants are highly susceptible to infection while in the
NICU, given the intensity of the medical care they receive, the
duration of their hospitalization, and the use of intravenous
catheters to deliver nutritional fluids and medication. Various
studies indicate that 30-50% of VLBW infants weighing
1,250 grams or less at birth will develop at least up to
one hospital-associated infection. There is an inverse
relationship between a VLBW infants birth weight and the
risk of acquiring a hospital-associated infection.
According to a retrospective study conducted by the Neonatal
Institute of Child Health and Human Development, or NICHD,
covering the calendar years 2000-2002 the mortality rate among
VLBW infants who acquire a hospital-associated infection caused
by S. aureus or candida is approximately 17% and 34%,
respectively, as compared to 7% for those VLBW infants who do
not develop any hospital-associated infection. In addition to
associated mortality, several studies indicate that VLBW infants
that develop a hospital-associated infection stay, on average,
19 additional days in the hospital when compared to those that
do not acquire an infection. A recent study conducted by the
NICHD also indicated that those VLBW infants that acquire an
infection during their stay in the NICU, also experience
significant impairment in their neurological development,
including cerebral palsy and mental development as compared to
those that did not acquire an infection.
Phase III. Veronate is the subject of an ongoing
Phase III clinical trial that we initiated in May 2004.
This 2,000 patient trial is a multi-center, placebo
controlled, double-blind study and is substantially the same in
design as the Phase II trial we completed for Veronate in
2004. Patients will be randomized equally into one of two arms:
Veronate at a dose of 750 mg/kg or placebo, both
administered intravenously. The primary endpoint of this trial
is the reduction in the frequency of S. aureus infections
in VLBW infants weighing 500-1,250 grams, the same patient
population evaluated in our Phase II clinical trial. The
design of the trial provides a 90% power to detect a 50%
reduction in the frequency of S. aureus infections among
infants randomized to receive Veronate compared to those that
receive placebo based on 6% infection rate. Secondary endpoints
of this Phase III trial include the reduction in the
frequency of candidemia, coagulase-negative staphylococcal, or
CoNS, infections, from staphylococcal infections and all-cause
mortality. If the primary endpoint is achieved, we believe this
trial will be sufficient for the submission of a BLA for
Veronate.
In January 2005, an independent Data Safety Monitoring Board met
to review safety and other data available from the first
500 patients enrolled in this trial and unanimously
recommended that the trial proceed as designed without
modification. As of March 21, 2005 we have enrolled
962 patients in this trial.
We anticipate that the trial will be conducted in 90-100
neonatal intensive care units in the United States and Canada,
approximately 45 of which participated in our Phase II
trial for Veronate. We anticipate that full enrollment in this
trial will be completed in the fourth quarter of 2005, with data
available in the second quarter of 2006. The results of the
Phase III trial may not confirm the Phase II results.
Phase II. In February 2004, we completed a
512 patient, multi-center, randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled Phase II clinical trial of Veronate for
the prevention of hospital-associated infections in VLBW infants
weighing 500 to 1,250 grams at birth. This trial was designed to
evaluate the safety, dosing and preliminary efficacy of Veronate
in this patient population. Infants in this trial were initially
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randomized by birth weight to receive one of four intravenous
treatments: placebo or Veronate at a dose of 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg
or 750mg/kg. This trial was conducted at 53 different NICUs
across the United States, and no single site accounted for more
than 7% of the subjects.
The results of the Phase II clinical trial demonstrated
that Veronate was generally safe and well tolerated among
treated VLBW infants. The most common adverse events, which
occurred with similar frequency among those infants who received
placebo and those who were administered Veronate, included low
serum sodium, metabolic acidosis, food intolerance, high blood
glucose, low blood platelets and low blood pressure. There were
no dose related trends observed for adverse events, severe
adverse events or morbidities associated with prematurity. Nine
infants experienced 14 adverse events possibly related to
Veronate, including low heart rate, apnea, fast heart rate,
diaper rash, jaundice, low blood glucose, high blood glucose,
high blood pressure and abdominal distention. Only 4 of 1,280
infusions were discontinued or interrupted due to adverse events
possibly related to Veronate.
The preliminary efficacy findings from this trial comparing
Veronate at a dose of 750 mg/kg to placebo were:
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a 63% reduction in the frequency of infection due to S.
aureus; |
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a 67% reduction in the frequency of infection due to
candida; and |
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a 36% reduction in mortality. |
These results were not statistically significant. The
Phase II trial was not powered or designed to demonstrate
statistically significant differences among the treatment arms
in measures of efficacy.
Phase I. In 2002, we conducted a Phase I
dose-escalating clinical trial of Veronate in 36 VLBW infants
weighing 500 to 1,250 grams at birth. Two cohorts of 18 infants
each were studied. One cohort received 500mg/kg of Veronate and
the second cohort received 750mg/kg, both intravenously. The
infants were monitored for a period of 70 days subsequent
to their first infusion. Results from this trial indicated that
Veronate was generally safe and well tolerated in VLBW infants.
Aurexis is a humanized monoclonal antibody currently in a
Phase II clinical trial for evaluation as a first-line
therapy, in combination with antibiotics, for the treatment of
serious, life-threatening S. aureus bloodstream
infections in hospitalized patients. This trial was initiated in
February 2004, and the enrollment phase of the trial was
completed in December 2004. We have also completed enrollment in
a Phase I trial of Aurexis in patients with end stage renal
disease. We anticipate initiating a Phase II clinical trial
of Aurexis in patients with cystic fibrosis in the second
quarter of 2005, and may initiate additional clinical trials of
Aurexis in other patient populations in the future. Aurexis has
been granted Fast Track designation by the FDA for the
bloodstream infection indication. Aurexis and Veronate target
the same MSCRAMM protein on S. aureus.
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Market Opportunity for the Treatment of S. aureus
Infections |
S. aureus is one of the leading causes of
hospital-associated infections. Based on data compiled by
Decision Resources, Inc., a market research firm, there were an
estimated one million hospital-associated S. aureus
infections worldwide in 2002, of which approximately 225,000
occurred in the United States. Of the estimated 225,000 S.
aureus infections that occurred in the United States, we
estimate, based on data compiled by Decision Resources, Inc.,
that approximately 50,000 were bloodstream infections.
According to the CDC and other sources, the percentage of
hospital-associated S. aureus infections in intensive
care units in the United States caused by methicillin-resistant
S. aureus, or MRSA, doubled between 1994 and 2002,
increasing from 30% to nearly 60%. MRSA refer to organisms that
are resistant to a class of antibiotics regarded as the
first-line treatment for staphylococcal infections. The
mortality rate for bloodstream infections associated with MRSA
infections are approximately 35%, as compared to the mortality
rate associated with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus
bloodstream infections of approximately
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20%. Studies indicate that patients that acquire a MRSA
bloodstream infection, as compared to those that do not,
require, on average, an additional 12 days in an intensive
care unit, at an average cost of more than $27,000.
We are developing Aurexis to be used adjunctively as a
first-line therapy to treat S. aureus bloodstream
infections, independent of which antibiotic is prescribed for
treatment. We also believe that the degree to which the medical
community will adopt the use of Aurexis will be based on its
ability to reduce the incidence of infection-associated
mortality, the relapse rate associated with these infections,
the frequency of related secondary site infections, and the
number of days that patients with such infections stay in the
hospital.
Phase II. We are currently conducting a
60 patient, multi-center, randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled Phase II clinical trial for Aurexis, for
which we completed the enrollment in December 2004. Patients
with documented S. aureus bloodstream infections were
randomized to receive antibiotic therapy in combination with
either Aurexis, at 20 mg/kg, or placebo. Both Aurexis and
the placebo were administered intravenously as a single dose. In
this trial, standard of care antibiotic therapy was selected by
the individual investigators. Subjects were followed for
57 days, or until early termination from the trial.
The primary objectives of the Phase II trial for Aurexis
are to evaluate:
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the safety of a single administration of Aurexis; |
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the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of Aurexis; and |
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the preliminary efficacy of a single dose of Aurexis. |
The follow-up period for all patients in this trial has been
completed and we expect to have data available during the second
quarter of 2005. Results of this Phase II trial may not
confirm the Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic results.
Phase I. We recently completed enrollment in an
eight patient Phase I trial of Aurexis to evaluate its
safety and pharmacokinetics in patients with end stage renal
disease, or ESRD. The objective of this trial is to assess the
suitability of including these patients in future clinical
trials of Aurexis for the treatment of documented S. aureus
bloodstream infections. We anticipate that data from this
trial will be available during the second quarter of 2005.
In 2003, we completed an open-label, randomized, dose-escalating
Phase I clinical trial in 19 healthy volunteers to assess
the safety of Aurexis and determine dose-related
pharmacokinetics. Patients were intravenously administered four
dose levels of Aurexis at 2, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg.
The volunteers were monitored for a period of 56 days
subsequent to the administration of the drug. Safety was
monitored by physical examinations, clinical and laboratory
tests, and adverse experience assessments. Results from this
trial indicate that Aurexis was well tolerated by the healthy
volunteers. The following adverse events were noted among
participants: headache, low white blood cell count, gastro
esophageal reflux and red rash. None of these adverse events was
severe or believed to be definitely related to Aurexis. No other
safety issues were identified and no dose reached the
protocol-specified definition of maximum tolerated dose.
Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that doses of 10mg/kg or
greater achieved plasma levels of Aurexis associated with
therapeutic efficacy in preclinical animal models. The half life
of Aurexis was determined to be approximately 21 days. We
selected the 20mg/kg dose for our Phase II trial of Aurexis.
Preclinical Results. We have conducted a number of
preclinical studies in animals to assess both the safety and
efficacy of Aurexis. These studies include using Aurexis both
prophylactically as a monotherapy to prevent, and in combination
with vancomycin to treat, MRSA infections. In these studies, no
safety or toxicity issues were observed. These studies
demonstrated that when used prophylactically, a single dose of
Aurexis administered intravenously provided statistically
significant levels of protection against MRSA infections as
compared to the control. The therapeutic administration of
Aurexis intravenously, in combination with vancomycin,
significantly enhanced the clearance of MRSA from the
animals critical
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organs as compared to vancomycin alone. We believe that the
preclinical models that yielded these results are generally
viewed by the scientific community as supportive and appropriate
for assessing the biological activity of anti-infective product
candidates in humans.
In addition to Veronate and Aurexis, we currently have three
product candidates in preclinical development, all of which are
based on the use of MSCRAMM proteins.
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Enterococcal Monoclonal Antibodies |
Enterococci account for approximately 8% of all
hospital-associated infections and have been reported as the
second most common cause of nosocomial endocarditis in the
United States. In the United States, greater than 24% of
confirmed enterococcal infections reported in the June 2000
report of the hospitals included in the National Nosocomial
Infectious Surveillance System were caused by
vancomycin-resistant enterococci, or VRE. In these same
hospitals, the reported incidence of VRE strains increased by
40% from 1994 to 1998. We have identified and characterized
MSCRAMM protein targets expressed by enterococci and we have
generated monoclonal antibodies that recognize these targets. In
October 2004, we entered into an agreement with Dyax Corp. to
collaborate on the discovery, development, and commercialization
of fully human monoclonal antibodies against MSCRAMM proteins on
enterococci. Under the terms of the agreement, we and Dyax will
jointly develop product candidates that may be identified during
the collaboration and will share in the costs to develop any
resulting product candidates and the commercialization rights
and profits from any marketed products.
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Candida Monoclonal Antibodies |
Candida albicans, or C. albicans, is the causative
organism of the majority of invasive fungal infections in an
expanding population of immunosuppressed or immunocompromised
patients such as those undergoing chemotherapy, those with organ
transplants or those with AIDS. We have identified and
characterized MSCRAMM proteins on the surface of C. albicans
and we have generated monoclonal antibodies that target
these proteins.
There are a number of patient groups, including approximately
300,000 end stage renal disease patients in the United States,
patients receiving chronic long-term care, and patients
undergoing certain elective surgeries, who are at risk of
acquiring a staphylococcal infection. For these high-risk
groups, we believe an active vaccine that can enhance immunity
against staphylococcal organisms may be a less costly and
preferred mode of therapy. We have entered into a license and
collaboration agreement with Wyeth to develop human vaccines
against staphylococcal organisms.
Our Strategy
Our goal is to become a leading biopharmaceutical company that
discovers, develops and commercializes novel, antibody-based
products to prevent and treat serious bacterial and fungal
infections in the hospital setting. In order to achieve this
goal, we are focused on the following key strategies:
Complete the Phase III Trial and Obtain Regulatory
Approval for Veronate. We are focused on completing the
clinical and regulatory development of Veronate. We intend to
complete the ongoing Phase III clinical trial evaluating
Veronate for the prevention of hospital-associated infections in
VLBW infants. If data from this trial are supportive, we intend
to proceed with the filing of a BLA for Veronate. Veronate has
been granted Fast Track status, which may allow for an expedited
review by the FDA.
Advance the Development of Aurexis and Our Preclinical
Product Candidates. We are developing Aurexis as a
first-line therapy for the treatment of serious S. aureus
infections in combination with antibiotics. Aurexis is
currently being evaluated in a Phase II clinical trial in
patients with S. aureus bloodstream
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infections and a Phase I trial in patients with end stage
renal disease and we intend to evaluate it in other indications
in the future. We are also advancing the development of our
preclinical product candidates focused on enterococcal and
candida monoclonal antibodies.
Establish a Specialized, Hospital-Based Sales Force in the
United States. We have retained all worldwide rights for
Veronate and Aurexis. We intend to establish a specialized
hospital-based sales force of approximately 50 individuals to
promote Veronate, and potentially Aurexis, in the United States.
We believe that the vast majority of the potential demand for
Veronate in the United States exists in approximately 1,000
hospitals that operate NICUs. As a result, we believe a
relatively small sales force can effectively address this
market. While we intend to enter into a worldwide collaboration
to further develop and commercialize Aurexis, we plan to
leverage our hospital-based sales force by retaining certain
co-promotion rights to Aurexis in the United States. In markets
outside of the United States, we currently plan to establish
partnerships with other companies to commercialize any products
we may successfully develop.
Utilize Our Expertise in MSCRAMM Proteins to Discover and
Develop Additional First-in-Class Products. Our goal is
to be the first to market antibody-based products to prevent and
treat specific bacterial and fungal infections. We have used our
expertise in MSCRAMM proteins to discover and develop Veronate,
Aurexis and certain preclinical candidates that may represent
first-in-class products. We believe that first-in-class drugs
may capture superior market share and have competitive
advantages over drugs subsequently introduced. We will continue
to devote resources to the discovery and development of product
candidates that originate from our expertise in MSCRAMM proteins.
Expand Our Product Portfolio through In-Licensing and
Acquisitions. We intend to capitalize upon our expertise in
MSCRAMM proteins, antibody development, commercialization and
infectious diseases to in-license or acquire selected product
candidates in various stages of development. We will also
evaluate opportunities to leverage our sales force by
in-licensing or acquiring and promoting additional therapeutics
which target the hospital-based market.
Sales and Marketing
According to data compiled by the American Hospital Association,
there are approximately 5,000 hospitals in the United States;
however, we believe that the vast majority of the demand for
Veronate will occur in approximately 1,000 hospitals where there
are NICUs equipped to handle the special needs of VLBW infants.
Furthermore, approximately 80% of the NICU beds in the United
States are concentrated in approximately 500 of these hospitals.
We believe that a specialized, hospital-based sales force of
approximately 50 qualified individuals can effectively promote
and sell Veronate in this market. We have retained all worldwide
rights to Veronate and intend to establish such a sales force
and create a commercial infrastructure capable of supporting the
independent commercialization of Veronate in the United States.
We have also retained worldwide rights to Aurexis and one of our
product candidates in preclinical development. While we plan to
establish a worldwide collaboration to develop and commercialize
Aurexis, we intend to retain certain co-promotion rights to
Aurexis in the United States. Assuming Veronate is approved for
sale by the FDA and we successfully develop a hospital-based
sales force, we may promote or co-promote our other product
candidates, if approved for sale, in the United States through
this sales force. The 1,000 hospitals that contain NICUs also
account for 45% of all hospital beds in the United States,
therefore we believe our sales force will be able to effectively
market Aurexis and our other product candidates in these
hospitals. We anticipate partnering or collaborating with other
companies to develop and commercialize our product candidates in
countries and regions outside of the United States.
Raw Materials and Manufacturing
Raw Materials. Veronate is an immune globulin product
candidate derived from human plasma. Accordingly, the critical
raw material used in the manufacture of Veronate is plasma that
contains a sufficient concentration of certain naturally
occurring human antibodies that specifically target
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MSCRAMM proteins. This plasma is collected at FDA-approved donor
centers in the United States. The qualification of donors, the
collection process, and the general operation of donor centers
are highly regulated by the FDA and other domestic and foreign
regulatory bodies. Further, this plasma is required to be tested
for certain viral markers prior to being allowed to be shipped
from the donor center and into production. We currently do not,
nor do we intend to, own or operate any such donor centers or
viral market testing facilities. We outsource, and intend to
continue to outsource, the collection and testing of this
critical raw material to qualified, FDA-approved third-party
vendors who own and operate these donor centers and testing
facilities.
In 2002, we entered into a ten-year supply agreement with DCI
Management Group, Inc., or DCI. Pursuant to this supply
agreement, no later than 90 days prior to each
calendar-year end, we and DCI must agree on the quantity of
plasma that we intend to purchase, and they will provide, for
the next calendar year. Once this quantity is established, we
are generally obligated to purchase at least 90% of this
predetermined quantity during the subsequent year. We may
terminate this agreement upon mutual agreement of the parties, a
material breach by DCI or upon 30 days notice if the
clinical development of Veronate is halted or terminated by the
FDA or us.
In January 2005, we entered into a second supply agreement with
another supplier of plasma. We currently cannot reasonably
predict how much plasma this new supplier may supply us in the
future, if any. This agreement has a ten-year term; however we
may terminate the agreement upon mutual agreement of the
parties, a material breach by the supplier, or upon 30 days
notice that the clinical development of Veronate is terminated
by the FDA or us. In addition to DCI and this new supplier, we
believe there are additional suppliers of plasma for Veronate
and we anticipate entering into supply agreements with other
suppliers in the future, as necessary.
Manufacturing. We do not own or operate any manufacturing
facilities. We currently outsource the manufacture of our
product candidates to qualified contract manufacturers. We
anticipate we will continue to rely on these or other qualified
contract manufacturers for the foreseeable future. The
manufacturing processes used to manufacture Veronate and Aurexis
are vastly different, therefore we use different manufacturers
for each of these product candidates.
The manufacturing process for Veronate is referred to as
fractionation and purification. The fractionation process
involves separating plasma into various components or fractions.
Fractions are then purified from the appropriate fraction. This
process has been used for over thirty years by major
pharmaceutical companies to manufacture antibody-based products
such as immune globulins. In December 2001, we entered into a
ten-year contract manufacturing agreement with Nabi
Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., or Nabi, to manufacture Veronate on
our behalf. Nabi operates a FDA-approved facility in the United
States, and is approved to manufacture its proprietary, as well
as third-party, immune globulin products. Pursuant to our
contract with Nabi, we must provide three-year forecasts as to
how much Veronate we want it to manufacture on our behalf. As of
December 31, 2004, our maximum purchase commitments under
this agreement through December 31, 2007, were
approximately $5.2 million. However, if we cancel or
postpone the production of one or more batches of Veronate in
accordance with the terms of this agreement, financial penalties
would instead apply, which could be substantially less, and in
no case more, than the minimum purchase commitments, depending
on the length of the notice provided by us to Nabi. The amount
of the cancellation penalty payable ranges from $25,000 per
batch if we provide notice of cancellation more than twelve
months in advance, to $425,000 per batch if we provide
notice of cancellation less than 90 days in advance of the
scheduled production date of the related batch. We believe Nabi
is qualified and has the available capacity to manufacture
Phase III clinical trial material and commercial quantities
of Veronate. Nabi has manufactured five lots of Veronate to
date. During the term of this agreement, we may not grant any
rights allowing any other party to manufacture Veronate, and
therefore we may not engage an alternative manufacturer until
the agreement is terminated. We may terminate the agreement with
Nabi if Nabi materially breaches the agreement, subject to a
20-day cure period, or if the clinical development of Veronate
is halted or terminated. We do not have alternative
manufacturing plans for Veronate at this time. If our agreement
with Nabi were terminated for any reason, it may be difficult or
impossible for us to find alternative manufacturers on
commercially acceptable terms,
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if at all. Because Nabi is developing both a product to prevent
S. aureus infections in VLBW infants and a staphylococcal
vaccine, we consider Nabi to be a potential competitor.
We have also used a contract manufacturer, Avid Bioservices,
Inc., or Avid, to produce clinical trial materials for Aurexis
for use in our Phase I and II clinical trials. As of
December 31, 2004, we have no long-term obligations under
any of our prior agreements with Avid.
In November 2004, we entered into an agreement with Lonza
Biologics PLC for the manufacture of Aurexis. Under the terms of
the agreement, Lonza has agreed to perform numerous process
development related services and manufacture two cGMP lots of
Aurexis for our use in future clinical trials. As of
December 31, 2004, our maximum purchase commitments under
this agreement through June 30, 2008, were approximately
3.6 million pounds sterling or $6.7 million. However,
prior to June 30, 2005 we can cancel the second cGMP lot
without incurring any financial obligations associated with that
lot, in which case our purchase commitments to Lonza would be
reduced. At this time, we have not contracted with Lonza to
manufacture any additional lots of Aurexis. A change in contract
manufacturers for commercial lots may require further clinical
trials for Aurexis.
Competition
Our industry is highly competitive and characterized by rapid
technological change. Significant competitive factors in our
industry include, among others, product efficacy and safety; the
timing and scope of regulatory approvals; the government
reimbursement rates for and the average selling price of
products; the availability of raw materials and qualified
manufacturing capacity; manufacturing costs; intellectual
property and patent rights and their protection; and sales and
marketing capabilities.
Any product candidates that we successfully develop and are
approved for sale by the FDA or similar regulatory authorities
in other countries may compete with existing products and
products that may become available in the future. Many
organizations, including large pharmaceutical and
biopharmaceutical companies, such as Cubist Pharmaceuticals,
Inc. and Vicuron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., as well as academic and
research organizations and government agencies, continue to
pursue the research and development of novel anti-infective
therapies that target staphylococcal as well as other bacterial
and fungal organisms. Many of these organizations have more
substantial capital resources than we have, and greater
capabilities and experience than we do in basic research,
conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, regulatory
affairs, manufacturing, marketing and sales. As a result, we may
face competitive disadvantages relative to these organizations
should they develop or commercialize a competitive product.
Therefore, we cannot assure you that any of our product
candidates, if approved for sale, will compete successfully and
that another organization will not succeed in developing and
commercializing products that render our technology or product
candidates non-competitive or obsolete.
Currently, we are not aware of any antibody-based products
approved by the FDA specifically for the prevention or treatment
of S. aureus, CoNS, candida or enterococcal infections in
any patient population. However, we are aware of several
biopharmaceutical companies developing antibody-based therapies
directed towards the prevention or treatment of bacterial, and
particularly staphylococcal, infections.
Nabi Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. is a publicly-held
biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, manufactures
and markets antibody-based therapies. Nabi has antibody-based
product candidates and vaccines currently in clinical trials
that are directed towards preventing or treating staphylococcal
infections. One of these product candidates has received Orphan
Drug status from the FDA. Nabi is our contract manufacturer for
Veronate.
Biosynexus, Inc. is a privately-held biotechnology company that
is developing a portfolio of protein-based products, including
monoclonal antibodies, enzymes and peptides, for the prevention
and treatment of staphylococcal infections.
NeuTec, PLC is a publicly-held biopharmaceutical company that is
developing a portfolio of antibody-based therapeutic products
designed to treat life-threatening infections, particularly
hospital-acquired infections such as MRSA and candida.
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Intellectual Property Rights and Patents
We are licensed under 25 issued United States patents and over
25 pending United States patent applications, as well as
corresponding international filings in the field of MSCRAMMs
generally. We own seven pending United States patent
applications and co-own two issued United States patents and
three pending United States patent application, as well as
corresponding international and foreign applications. The issued
United States patents expire between 2009 and 2018. In addition
to our patents and patent applications, we have registered
trademarks for Inhibitex, MSCRAMM, Aurexis and Veronate.
Of the patents and applications in our portfolio, the following
pertain directly to Veronate and Aurexis:
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Our United States patent describing Veronate is directed to
purified human immune globulin antibodies to S. aureus
and S. epidermidis MSCRAMM proteins. This patent will
expire in 2018 if not extended. Our pending United States
Veronate patent application includes claims directed to methods
used in preparing Veronate. Corresponding international
applications are pending. |
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Our United States SdrG patent is directed to the nucleic acid
sequence, or DNA, encoding the SdrG protein of S.
epidermidis. The SdrG MSCRAMM protein is used in identifying
donors for the preparation of Veronate. This patent will expire
in 2018 if not extended. Our pending United States SdrG patent
applications are directed to the SdrG protein and related
methods. Corresponding international applications are pending. |
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Our two United States ClfA patents relate to both Veronate and
Aurexis and are directed to the DNA and the ClfA MSCRAMM protein
of S. aureus. These patents will expire in 2016 and 2014,
respectively, if not extended. The ClfA protein is used in the
identification of donors for the preparation of Veronate and is
also the protein recognized by the Aurexis monoclonal antibody.
There are no corresponding foreign rights available for the ClfA
protein and nucleic acid sequences. Our pending United States
ClfA patent application claims antibodies to the ClfA protein.
Our pending United States ClfA monoclonal antibody patent
application relates to Aurexis and claims a composition of
matter for a monoclonal antibody to the ClfA protein. This US
application has been allowed and will issue in the second
quarter of 2005. Corresponding international applications are
pending. |
Patent rights and other proprietary rights are important in our
business and for the development of our product candidates. We
have sought, and intend to continue to seek patent protection
for our inventions and rely upon patents, trade secrets,
know-how, continuing technological innovations and licensing
opportunities to develop and maintain a competitive advantage.
In order to protect these rights, know-how and trade secrets, we
typically require employees, consultants, collaborators and
advisors to enter into confidentiality agreements with us,
generally stating that they will not disclose any confidential
information about us to third parties for a certain period of
time, and will otherwise not use confidential information for
anyones benefit but ours.
The patent positions of companies like ours involve complex
legal and factual questions and, therefore, their enforceability
cannot be predicted with any certainty. Our issued patents,
those licensed to us, and those that may issue to us in the
future may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, and the
rights granted thereunder may not provide us with proprietary
protection or competitive advantages against competitors with
similar technology. Furthermore, our competitors may
independently develop similar technologies or duplicate any
technology developed by us. Because of the extensive time
required for development, testing and regulatory review of a
potential product, it is possible that, before any of our
product candidates can be approved for sale and commercialized,
our relevant patent rights may expire or remain in force for
only a short period following commercialization. Expiration of
patents we own or license could adversely affect our ability to
protect future product development and, consequently, our
operating results and financial position.
We have filed two opposition proceedings with the European
Patent Office, or EPO, to revoke or substantially narrow two
patents issued to the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the
Advancement of Military Medicine relating to staphylococcal
surface proteins. These patents have been licensed to
Biosynexus. In the first opposition, on November 5, 2003 an
oral proceeding took place in which the EPO
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concluded that the patent was limited to a single claim having
no relevance to our products. The patentee has appealed the
decision and a ruling is not expected to occur until late 2006.
No preliminary recommendation has been issued in the second
opposition proceeding, which we anticipate will occur in 2005.
We believe that we do not infringe the corresponding United
States patents, which have narrower claims than those issued in
Europe. We have filed an opposition proceeding with the EPO to
revoke or substantially narrow a patent issued to Montana State
University relating in broadly to a therapeutic composition
including a pathogen adhesion molecule. This patent has been
licensed to Ligocyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc. of Bozeman, MT. No
substantive proceedings have occurred to date in this opposition.
Licensing and Collaborative Agreements
To date, we have entered into a number of license and
collaborative agreements with various institutions to obtain
intellectual property rights and patents relating to MSCRAMM
proteins and our product candidates. We have also entered into
an exclusive worldwide license and collaboration agreement with
Wyeth with respect to their use of our MSCRAMM protein
intellectual property to develop human staphylococcal vaccines
and a joint development agreement with Dyax Corp. for the
discovery, development, and commercialization of therapeutic
products for the treatment of infections caused by enterococci.
Our strategy includes possible future in-licensing of
intellectual property or product candidates, as well as
collaborations with companies to develop, co-develop, market and
sell our product candidates in markets outside of the United
States.
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Texas A&M University Health Science Center |
We have an exclusive royalty-bearing license from the Texas
A&M University System, or Texas A&M, for an issued
United States patent with claims directed toward the SdrG
nucleic acid sequence and related pending United States
divisional applications directed toward the SdrG protein and
antibodies to it, as well as corresponding foreign applications.
SdrG is the MSCRAMM protein that we target on S. epidermidis
and is used in the manufacture of Veronate. We also have an
exclusive royalty-bearing license to Texas A&Ms rights
in an allowed United States patent application and foreign
counterparts directed to the methods we use for screening and
selecting donor plasma using MSCRAMMs for both SdrG and ClfA in
the manufacture of Veronate. BioResearch Ireland/ Trinity
College Dublin is a co-owner of these patents and applications.
All of these licenses are subject to certain research rights
retained by Texas A&M. Texas A&M may terminate the
license if we fail to use commercially reasonable efforts to
bring our products candidates to market. We may terminate the
license without cause upon 60 days written notice.
Otherwise, this agreement will terminate upon the expiration of
all of the licensed patents. Currently, the latest to expire of
the issued patents under the license agreement expires in 2019.
We have agreed to pay Texas A&M a royalty based on net sales
for any product sold utilizing these licenses.
In connection with these license agreements, in 1995 we entered
into the first of several cooperative research agreements with
Texas A&M. Pursuant to these agreements, we have the
exclusive worldwide right to any discoveries resulting from this
collaboration, subject to research rights retained by Texas
A&M and certain rights of the United States government. We
also have a right of first refusal to acquire the rights to and
file patents on discoveries made by Texas A&M in the field
of MSCRAMM proteins that are made outside of the scope of the
collaboration. Texas A&M is entitled to a royalty on
revenues that we receive for products that incorporate
technology developed through the collaboration. We may terminate
this collaboration upon 90 days written notice if the work
is not performed satisfactorily.
Pursuant to these agreements, we have paid Texas A&M
approximately $1.3 million through December 31, 2004.
We have no future minimum royalty or milestone obligations
pursuant to these agreements, but we currently pay Texas A&M
approximately $350,000 in annual sponsored research payments.
Our obligation to pay sponsored research payments ends in
November 2005. If we do not continue to pay sponsored research
payments beyond that time, we will be obligated to pay a minimum
royalty of $25,000 annually.
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BioResearch Ireland (BRI)/ Trinity College Dublin |
We have obtained a royalty-bearing license from BioResearch
Ireland, or BRI, under the United States SdrG patents and
related applications licensed to us from Texas A&M, as
described above. Scientists from both Texas A&M and BRI are
co-inventors on these applications. We have an exclusive
royalty-bearing license from BRI under two issued United States
patents and a pending United States patent application directed
to the ClfA nucleic acid and protein. The license also covers
pending international applications relating to antibodies to
ClfA. BRI may terminate the license if we fail to use
commercially reasonable efforts to bring one or more products
that use the licensed technology to market. Otherwise, this
license will terminate upon the expiration of the licensed
patents. We may terminate the license agreement as to any patent
or patent application upon 90 days notice. Currently, the
latest to expire of the issued patents under the license
agreement expires in 2019.
Since 1996, we have entered into several cooperative research
agreements with BRI for technologies relating to staphylococcal
surface proteins. We have exclusive worldwide rights to, and are
entitled to file patents on, any discoveries resulting from this
collaboration. All licenses from BRI are subject to research
rights retained by BRI. BRI is entitled to a royalty on any
revenues that we receive from the sale of products that
incorporate technology developed through the collaborative
arrangement. We may terminate the collaboration agreement on two
months written notice. BRI may terminate in the event of an
uncured material breach by us.
Pursuant to these agreements, we have paid BRI approximately
$382,000 through December 31, 2004. We have no future
minimum royalty or milestone obligations pursuant to these
agreements, but we currently pay BRI approximately $35,000 in
annual sponsored research payments.
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Other Licensing Agreements |
In August 2001, we entered into a license and development
collaboration agreement with Wyeth for the development of human
staphylococcal vaccines. Under the terms of this agreement, we
granted Wyeth an exclusive worldwide license to our MSCRAMM
protein intellectual property with respect to human vaccines
against staphylococcal organisms. The development, manufacture
and sale of any products resulting from the collaboration will
be the responsibility of Wyeth. We may terminate this agreement
if Wyeth fails to use reasonable commercial efforts to bring
related products to market. Wyeth may terminate the agreement
without cause on six months notice. Otherwise, this agreement
will terminate upon the expiration of all of the licensed
patents. Currently, the latest to expire of the issued patents
under the license agreement expires in 2019.
Pursuant to this agreement, we have received $3.8 million
in an upfront license fee and annual research support payments
from Wyeth as of December 31, 2004. We are entitled to
receive minimum research support payments of $500,000 per
year until the first commercial sale of any product developed
under this agreement. We are also entitled to receive milestone
payments upon the filing of an Investigational New Drug
application, or IND, the commencement of both Phase II and
Phase III clinical trials, the filing of a BLA, and FDA
approval of a licensed product. If all such milestones are
achieved relative to one or more licensed products, we would be
entitled to receive a minimum of $10.0 million in milestone
payments from Wyeth. The maximum milestone payments we could
receive with respect to all licensed products are
$15.5 million. Finally, we are also entitled to royalties
on net sales of licensed products manufactured, sold or
distributed by Wyeth.
In October 2004, we entered into a collaboration agreement with
Dyax Corp. to co-develop monoclonal antibodies to prevent or
treat serious infections caused by enterococci. Under the terms
of the agreement, we and Dyax have agreed to collaborate and
share in the costs to perform preclinical research and
development activities intended to identify and select a fully
human monoclonal antibody, or antibodies,
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against MSCRAMM proteins located on the surface of enterococci,
that we would jointly advance into clinical development. During
this preclinical phase, we and Dyax are responsible only for our
respective internal development costs. Accordingly, neither
party is responsible to make any upfront payments to the other
party, nor is either party obligated to make future milestone or
royalty payments to the other party at this time. Our internal
development costs are expected to consist largely of salaries
and other personnel-related costs associated with existing
employees, certain supplies and other costs, such as travel and
entertainment, associated with supporting existing employees. If
at the end of the collaborative preclinical development
activities, we mutually agree to advance one or more human
monoclonal antibodies into clinical trials, we expect to
continue to share in the clinical development costs of any such
product candidates. The agreement also contemplates that we
would share in the commercialization rights and profits from any
approved and marketed products resulting from the collaboration.
In the event that the parties mutually agree that the
collaboration has been unable to identify a suitable monoclonal
antibody to advance into clinical development, the collaboration
agreement will immediately and automatically terminate without
any further obligations to either party. Otherwise, this
agreement can only be terminated during the initial preclinical
development phase upon the mutual consent of both parties, or by
one party in the event that the other party has committed a
material breach, or filed for insolvency or bankruptcy.
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Aurexis Manufacturing Licenses |
The following four agreements relate to intellectual property
associated with the production of monoclonal antibodies that we
have in-licensed.
In November 2001, we entered into a research evaluation and
worldwide non-exclusive license agreement with Lonza Biologics
for intellectual property and materials relating to the
expression of recombinant monoclonal antibodies to bacterial
surface proteins for use in the manufacture of Aurexis. Under
the terms of the agreement, we agreed to pay an annual fee of up
to 100,000 pounds sterling and a royalty on the net selling
price of any products that we market that utilize the underlying
technology. In the event we do not use Lonza to manufacture
Aurexis, if and when it is approved by the FDA for sale, the
annual payment would increase to 300,000 pounds sterling per
year. We may terminate the agreement upon 60 days notice.
The agreement terminates upon the expiration of the last valid
patent or 15 years, whichever is longer. Currently, the
latest to expire of the issued patents under the license
agreement expires in 2016. Pursuant to this agreement, we have
paid Lonza $693,000 as of December 31, 2004.
In June 2003, we obtained a non-exclusive, worldwide
royalty-bearing license from Genentech for a patent, commonly
known as the Cabilly patent, relating to the production of
monoclonal antibodies for use in the manufacture of Aurexis.
Under the agreement, we agreed to pay Genentech an up-front
license fee and we are further obligated to pay a milestone
payment due upon the approval of Aurexis and a royalty on the
sale of any of our products that utilize the underlying
technology. We may terminate this agreement without cause upon
90 days notice. Otherwise, this license will terminate upon
the expiration of the patent, which will occur in 2018 if not
extended. Pursuant to this agreement, we have paid $500,000 to
Genentech as of December 31, 2004. Our aggregate future
payments under this agreement are $5.0 million, which is
payable if Aurexis is approved for sale by the FDA.
In July 2003, we obtained a non-exclusive, worldwide
royalty-bearing license from the University of Iowa for patents,
commonly known as the CMV promoter, or Stinski patents, relating
to the expression of recombinant proteins used in the
manufacture of Aurexis. Under this agreement, we paid the
University of Iowa an up-front license fee of $35,000 and are
obligated to make annual payments of $35,000 per year. We
also agreed to pay a royalty on the sale of any of our products
that utilize the underlying technology and milestone payments of
$40,000 for each of the first four licensed products to receive
FDA approval. We may terminate this agreement at any time.
Otherwise, this license will terminate upon the expiration of
the two licensed patents, which will be 2009 and 2012,
respectively.
In March 2004, we obtained a non-exclusive, worldwide
royalty-bearing license from the National Institutes of Health,
or NIH, for patent applications relating to technology used in
the humanization of monoclonal antibodies. Under this agreement
we agreed to pay an up-front license fee, a minimum annual
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royalty of $25,000 per year, a royalty on the sale of any
of our products that would otherwise infringe any patent that
may issue from the pending applications, and milestone payments.
For any product covered by this license, the milestone payments
are based upon the filing of an IND, the first subject enrolled
in a Phase II and Phase III trial, the filing of a
BLA, and upon the approval of a BLA by the FDA. We may terminate
this agreement upon 60 days notice. This agreement
terminates upon the expiration of the patent, which will occur
in 2011 if not extended. Pursuant to this agreement, we have
paid $259,000 to the NIH as of December 31, 2004. If
Aurexis is approved for sale by the FDA, our total future
payments to the NIH under this agreement related to milestones
would be approximately $900,000 in the aggregate.
Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement
In both the United States and foreign markets, the revenue
associated with our products will depend largely upon the
availability of reimbursement from third-party payers.
Third-party payers include various government health authorities
such as The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS,
which administers Medicare and Medicaid, managed-care providers,
private health insurers and other organizations. Third-party
payers are increasingly challenging the price and examining the
cost-effectiveness of medical products and services, including
pharmaceuticals. In addition, significant uncertainty exists as
to the reimbursement status of newly approved pharmaceutical
products. Our products may ultimately not be considered
cost-effective, and adequate third-party reimbursement may not
be available to enable us to maintain price levels sufficient to
support a profitable operation or generate an appropriate return
on our investment in product development.
The United States and foreign governments periodically propose
and pass legislation designed to reduce the cost of healthcare.
Accordingly, legislation and regulations affecting the pricing
of pharmaceuticals may change before any of our product
candidates are ever approved for marketing. Adoption of new
legislation could further limit reimbursement for
pharmaceuticals. In addition, an increasing emphasis on managed
care in the United States has and will continue to increase the
pressure on pharmaceutical pricing. The marketability of our
products may suffer if the government and other third-party
payers fail to provide adequate coverage and reimbursement rates
for our product candidates.
We intend to obtain coverage and reimbursement for our products
from these third-party payers, however we cannot assure you that
we will be successful in obtaining adequate coverage,
reimbursement, or pricing, if any.
Regulatory Matters
The preclinical and clinical testing, manufacture, labeling,
storage, distribution, promotion, sale and export, reporting and
record-keeping of our product candidates are subject to
extensive regulation by numerous governmental authorities in the
United States, principally the FDA and corresponding state
agencies, and regulatory agencies in foreign countries.
Non-compliance with applicable regulatory requirements can
result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, seizure of
products, total or partial suspension of product manufacturing
and marketing, failure of the government to grant approval,
withdrawal of marketing approvals and criminal prosecution.
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United States Regulatory Approval |
Pursuant to FDA regulations, we are required to undertake a long
and rigorous process before any of our product candidates may be
marketed or sold in the United States. This regulatory process
typically includes the following general steps:
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the performance of satisfactory preclinical laboratory and
animal studies under the FDAs Good Laboratory Practices
regulation; |
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the development and demonstration of manufacturing processes
which conform to FDA-mandated current Good Manufacturing
Practices, or cGMPs; |
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the submission and acceptance of an IND which must become
effective before human clinical trials may begin in the United
States; |
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obtaining the approval of Institutional Review Boards, or IRBs,
at each site where we plan to conduct a clinical trial to
protect the welfare and rights of human subjects in clinical
trials; |
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the successful completion of a series of adequate and
well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety,
purity, potency and efficacy of any product candidate for its
intended use, which form to the FDAs good clinical
practice regulations; and |
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the submission to, and review and approval by the FDA of a
Biologics License Application, or BLA, or for non-biologic
pharmaceutical products, a New Drug Application, or NDA, prior
to any commercial sale or shipment of a product. |
This process requires a substantial amount of time and financial
resources. We cannot assure you or be certain that this process
will result in the granting of an approval for any of our
product candidates on a timely basis, if at all. In 2002, the
FDA announced a reorganization that has resulted in the shift of
the oversight and approval process for certain therapeutic
biologic drugs and the related staff from the Center for
Biologics Evaluation and Research, or CBER, to the Center for
Drug Evaluation and Research, or CDER. Our lead product
candidate, Veronate, is being regulated through CBER, while
Aurexis, and any other monoclonal product candidates that we may
develop, are being regulated through CDER.
Preclinical tests generally include laboratory evaluation of a
product candidate, its chemistry, formulation, stability and
toxicity, as well as certain animal studies to assess its
potential safety and efficacy. We must submit the results of
these preclinical tests, together with manufacturing
information, analytical data and the clinical trial protocol, to
the FDA as part of an IND, which must become effective before we
may begin any human clinical trials. An IND automatically
becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless
the FDA, within this 30-day time period, raises concerns or
questions about the intended conduct of the trials and imposes
what is referred to as a clinical hold. If one or more of our
products is placed on clinical hold, we would be required to
resolve any outstanding issues to the satisfaction of the FDA
before we could begin, or continue clinical trials. Preclinical
studies generally take several years to complete, and there is
no guarantee that an IND based on those studies will become
effective, allowing clinical testing to begin.
In addition to FDA review of an IND, each medical site that
desires to participate in a proposed clinical trial must have
the clinical protocol reviewed and approved by an independent
IRB. The IRB considers, among other things, ethical factors, and
the selection and safety of human subjects. Clinical trials must
be conducted in accordance with the FDAs Good Clinical
Practices requirements.
Human clinical trials are typically conducted in three
sequential phases:
Phase I. In Phase I clinical trials, a product
candidate is typically introduced either into healthy human
subjects, or patients with the medical condition for which the
new drug is intended to be used. The main purpose of the trial
is to assess a product candidates safety and the ability
of the human body to tolerate the product candidate. Absorption,
metabolism, distribution and pharmacokinetic trials are also
generally performed at this stage.
Phase II. During this phase, a product candidate is
studied in an exploratory trial or trials in a limited number of
patients with the disease or medical condition for which it is
intended to be used in order to (i) further identify any
possible adverse side effects and safety risks, (ii) assess
the preliminary or potential efficacy or biologic activity of
the product candidate for specific targeted diseases or medical
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conditions, and (iii) assess dosage tolerance and determine
the optimal dose for a subsequent Phase II or
Phase III trial. Phase II trials generally involve
patients who are divided into one or more groups that will get
one of several dose levels of the product candidate, and a
control group that will not be treated with the product
candidate or receive a placebo.
Phase III. If and when one or more Phase II
trials demonstrate that a specific dose or range of doses of a
product candidate is likely to be effective and has an
acceptable safety profile, one or more Phase III trials are
generally undertaken to further demonstrate clinical efficacy
and to further test for safety in an expanded patient population
with the goal of evaluating the overall risk-benefit
relationship of the product candidate. Phase III trials
will generally be designed to reach a specific goal or endpoint,
the achievement of which is intended to demonstrate the product
candidates clinical efficacy. The successful demonstration
of clinical efficacy and safety in one or more Phase III
trials is typically a prerequisite to the filing of a BLA or a
NDA for a product candidate.
We cannot be certain that we will successfully complete the
Phase I, Phase II or Phase III testing of our
product candidates within any specific time period, if at all.
Furthermore, we, the FDA or an IRB may suspend or terminate a
clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a
finding that the subjects or patients are being exposed to an
unacceptable health or safety risk.
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Biologics License Applications |
Once our clinical trials have been completed, we must submit a
BLA to the FDA in order to obtain approval for the marketing and
sale of a product candidate. Among many other items, a BLA
typically includes a description of the manufacturing process
and quality control methods, as well as the results of
preclinical and toxicology studies and clinical trials. The FDA
must approve the BLA prior to the marketing and sale of the
related product. The FDA may deny a BLA if all applicable
regulatory criteria are not satisfied or may require additional
data, including clinical, toxicology, safety or manufacturing
data. It can take several years for the FDA to approve a BLA
once it is submitted, and the actual time required for any
product candidate may vary substantially, depending upon the
nature, complexity and novelty of the product candidate. We
cannot be certain that the FDA, or any other similar regulatory
agency in other countries, will grant approval for any of our
product candidates on a timely basis, if at all. Success in
preclinical or early-stage clinical trials does not assure
success in later stage clinical trials. Data obtained from
preclinical and clinical activities is not always conclusive and
may be susceptible to varying interpretations that could delay,
limit or prevent regulatory approval. Even if such regulatory
approval is granted, additional post-marketing, or Phase IV
clinical trials, may be required that would add additional
product development costs beyond those incurred through
Phase III testing. Fast Track status products, such as
Veronate and Aurexis are required to conduct Phase IV
clinical trials.
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Post-Approval Regulations |
Even if a product candidate receives regulatory approval, the
approval is typically limited to specific clinical indications.
Further, even after regulatory approval is obtained, subsequent
discovery of previously unknown safety problems with a product
may result in restrictions on its use or even complete
withdrawal of the product from the market.
Any FDA-approved products manufactured or distributed by us are
subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including
record-keeping requirements and reporting of adverse events or
experiences. Further, drug manufacturers and their
subcontractors are required to register their establishments
with the FDA and state agencies, and are subject to periodic
inspections by the FDA and state agencies for compliance with
cGMP, which impose rigorous procedural and documentation
requirements upon us and our contract manufacturers.
Manufacturers of biologics must also comply with the FDAs
general biological standards. We cannot be certain that we, or
our present or future contract manufacturers or suppliers, will
be able to comply with cGMP regulations and other FDA regulatory
requirements. Failure to comply with these requirements may
result in, among other things, total or partial suspension of
production activities, failure
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of the FDA to grant approval for marketing, and withdrawal,
suspension, or revocation of marketing approvals.
If the FDA approves one or more of our product candidates, we
and our contract manufacturers must provide the FDA with certain
updated safety, efficacy, and manufacturing information. Product
changes, as well as certain changes in the manufacturing process
or facilities where the manufacturing occurs or other
post-approval changes may necessitate additional FDA review and
approval.
The labeling, advertising, promotion, marketing and distribution
of a drug or biologic product also must be in compliance with
FDA and Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, requirements which
include, among others, standards and regulations for
direct-to-consumer advertising, off-label promotion, industry
sponsored scientific and educational activities, and promotional
activities involving the Internet. The FDA and FTC have very
broad enforcement authority, and failure to abide by these
regulations can result in penalties, including the issuance of a
Warning Letter directing the company to correct deviations from
regulatory standards and enforcement actions that can include
seizures, fines, injunctions and criminal prosecution.
The FDAs policies may change and additional government
regulations may be enacted which could prevent or delay
regulatory approval of our product candidates. Moreover,
increased attention to the containment of health care costs in
the United States and in foreign markets could result in new
government regulations that could have a material adverse effect
on our business. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or
extent of adverse governmental regulation that might arise from
future legislative or administrative action, either in the
United States or abroad.
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Fast Track and Orphan Drug Status |
Both Veronate and Aurexis have received Fast Track status as
provided for under various FDA regulations. Veronate has also
been designated as an Orphan Drug by the FDA, for the reduction
of nosocomial bacteremia caused by staphylococci in VLBW
infants. If our other product candidates meet the criteria, we
may also apply for Orphan Drug and Fast Track status for such
product candidates.
The FDA has developed Fast Track policies, which
provide for the potential for expedited review of a BLA.
However, there is no assurance that the FDA will, in fact,
accelerate the review process for a Fast Track product
candidate. Fast Track status is provided only for those new and
novel therapies that are intended to treat persons with
life-threatening and severely debilitating diseases, where there
is a defined unmet medical need, especially where no
satisfactory alternative therapy exists or the new therapy is
significantly superior to alternative therapies. During the
development of product candidates that qualify for this status,
the FDA may expedite consultations and reviews of these
experimental therapies. Further, an accelerated approval process
is potentially available to product candidates that have been
studied for their safety and effectiveness in treating serious
or life-threatening illnesses. The FDA can base approval of a
marketing application for a Fast Track product on a clinical
endpoint or on a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to
predict clinical benefit. The FDA requires as a condition of the
approval of an application for certain Fast Track products on
additional post-approval studies to validate the surrogate
endpoint or confirm the effect on the clinical endpoint. Fast
Track status also provides for the potential for a product
candidate to have a Priority Review. A Fast Track
status allows for portions of the BLA to be submitted to the FDA
for review prior to the completion of the entire application,
which could result in a reduction in the length of time it would
otherwise take the FDA to complete its review of the BLA. Fast
Track status may be revoked by the FDA at any time if the
clinical results of a trial fail to continue to support the
assertion that the respective product candidate has the
potential to address an unmet medical need. In addition Fast
Track status may be granted for a specific application of a drug
candidate.
The FDA may grant Orphan Drug status to drugs intended to treat
a rare disease or condition, which, in the United
States, is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer
than 200,000 individuals. If and when the FDA grants Orphan Drug
status, the generic name and trade name of the therapeutic agent
and its potential orphan use are disclosed publicly by the FDA.
Aside from guidance concerning the non-clinical laboratory
studies and clinical investigations necessary for approval of
the BLA, Orphan Drug status does not convey any advantage in, or
shorten the duration of, the regulatory review and approval
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process. The FDA may grant Orphan Drug status to multiple
competing product candidates targeting the same indications. A
product that has been designated as an Orphan Drug that
subsequently receives the first FDA approval for the indication
for which it has received such designation is entitled to Orphan
Drug exclusivity, which means the FDA may not approve any other
applications to market the same type of drug for the same
indication, except in very limited circumstances, for seven
years from the date of FDA approval. Drugs demonstrating
superiority to a previously approved Orphan Drug may be approved
within the seven year window. Orphan Drug status may also
provide certain tax benefits.
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Foreign Regulatory Approval |
Outside of the United States, our ability to market our product
candidates will also be contingent upon receiving marketing
authorizations from the appropriate foreign regulatory
authorities whether or not FDA approval has been obtained. The
foreign regulatory approval process in most industrialized
countries generally includes risks that are similar with the FDA
approval process we have described herein. The requirements
governing conduct of clinical trials and marketing
authorizations, and the time required to obtain requisite
approvals may vary widely from country to country and differ
from that required for FDA approval.
Employees
As of December 31, 2004, we had 74 full-time
employees, 58 of whom were engaged in research and development,
clinical, regulatory, and quality assurance and control, and 16
of whom were engaged in administration, accounting, finance and
business development. All of our employees have entered into
non-disclosure agreements with us regarding our intellectual
property, trade secrets and other confidential information. None
of our employees is represented by a labor union or covered by a
collective bargaining agreement, nor have we experienced any
work stoppages. We believe that we maintain satisfactory
relations with our employees.
Available Information
We file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC), including annual reports on Form 10-K,
quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and other reports from time
to time. The public may read and copy any materials filed with
the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at
450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. The public may
obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room
by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. We are an electronic filer
and the SEC maintains an Internet site at www.sec.gov that
contains the reports, proxy and information statements, and
other information filed electronically. Our website address is
www.inhibitex.com. Please note that these website addresses are
provided as inactive textual references only. We make available
free of charge through our website our Annual Report on
Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q,
current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those
reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is
electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The
information provided on our website is not part of this report,
and is therefore not incorporated by reference unless such
information is otherwise specifically referenced elsewhere in
this report.
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RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following discussion of
risks, together with the other information contained in this
Form 10-K. The occurrence of any of the following risks
could materially harm our business and financial condition and
our ability to raise additional capital in the future. In that
event, the market price of our common stock could decline and
you could lose part or all of your investment.
Risks Relating to Our Business
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We depend heavily on the success of our lead product
candidate, Veronate, which is still in clinical development. If
we are unable to successfully develop or commercialize Veronate,
or experience significant delays in doing so, our business could
be materially harmed. |
Since our inception, we have invested a significant portion of
our time and financial resources on the development of Veronate.
We anticipate that in the near-term, our ability to generate
significant product revenues will depend on the successful
development and commercialization of Veronate. We believe we
will need to raise additional funds before we can advance
Veronate through the regulatory review and approval process and
commercialization.
If the data from our ongoing Phase III clinical trial for
Veronate are not satisfactory, we will not be able to proceed
with the filing of a Biologic License Application, or BLA, for
Veronate, or we may be forced to narrow the indication for which
we seek marketing approval or perform additional Phase III
trials. If we believe the results of our ongoing, or if
necessary, an additional Phase III trial are satisfactory
and we file a BLA for Veronate, the FDA may not accept our
filing, may request additional information, require additional
clinical trials, limit the approved use of such product or
ultimately not grant marketing approval for Veronate. Veronate
has been granted Fast Track status by the FDA. Fast Track status
may qualify Veronate for expedited review by the FDA, but does
not assure such an expedited review. Fast Track status may be
withdrawn if the FDA believes that such status is no longer
supported by data from our clinical development program. If we
are not successful in commercializing Veronate, or are
significantly delayed in doing so, our business will be
materially harmed and we may need to curtail or cease operations.
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No antibody-based products that target MSCRAMM proteins
have been developed or approved. |
All of our product candidates, including Veronate and Aurexis,
target various MSCRAMM proteins. The use of MSCRAMM proteins to
develop antibody-based products is an untested approach. These
proteins have not yet been used by us or others to successfully
develop any approved drugs. We may fail to produce an approved
drug that targets MSCRAMM proteins, which could materially harm
our business. If Phase III clinical trial results for
Veronate are unsatisfactory, this may cast doubt on the
viability of our MSCRAMM protein approach and our entire
portfolio of product candidates.
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If the clinical trials for our product candidates are
unsuccessful or delayed, we could be delayed or precluded from
further developing or ultimately selling our product
candidates. |
You must evaluate us in light of the uncertainties and
complexities present in a development stage biopharmaceutical
company. In order to receive regulatory approval for the
commercialization of our product candidates, we must conduct
extensive clinical trials to demonstrate their safety and
efficacy. Clinical testing is expensive and can take many years
to complete, and its outcome is uncertain. Delays, or clinical
setbacks or failures may occur at any time. If the enrollment of
patients in our clinical trials is delayed or proceeds at a
slower pace than expected, our clinical trials will take longer,
and cost more, to complete.
The results of preclinical studies and prior clinical trials of
our product candidates may not predict the results of
later-stage clinical trials. Product candidates in later stages
of clinical development may fail to show the desired safety and
efficacy traits despite having progressed through earlier
clinical testing. The data collected from clinical trials of our
product candidates may not be sufficient to support the
submission
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of a BLA or to obtain regulatory approval in the United States
or elsewhere. We have completed a 512 patient Phase II
trial for Veronate and a 19 patient Phase I trial for
Aurexis. The results of these trials were not statistically
significant. We are also nearing the completion of a
60 patient Phase II trial of Aurexis. There can be no
assurance that the results of these trials are predictive of the
outcomes of our later-stage trials for Veronate and Aurexis. In
addition, we had no control over the antibiotic treatments used
by investigators in conjunction with Aurexis in our
Phase II trial. This may make our Phase II clinical
trial data for Aurexis difficult to interpret, which may require
us to conduct additional Phase II clinical trials.
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We must comply with extensive government regulations in
order to obtain and maintain marketing approval for our products
in the United States and abroad. |
Our product candidates are subject to extensive and rigorous
domestic and foreign government regulation. The FDA regulates,
among other things, the development, testing, manufacture,
safety, efficacy, record-keeping, labeling, storage, approval,
advertising, promotion, sale and distribution of pharmaceutical
products. Our product candidates are also subject to similar
extensive regulation by foreign governments. We must provide the
FDA and foreign regulatory authorities, if applicable, with
clinical data that appropriately demonstrate our product
candidates safety and efficacy in humans before they can
be approved for the targeted indications. None of our product
candidates has been approved for sale in the United States or
any foreign market, and we cannot predict whether regulatory
approval will be obtained for any product candidate that we are
developing or plan to develop. The regulatory review and
approval process can take many years, is dependent upon the
type, complexity, and novelty of, and need for the product,
requires the expenditure of substantial resources, involves
post-marketing surveillance, and may involve ongoing
requirements for post-marketing studies. In addition, we may
encounter delays in or fail to gain regulatory approval for our
product candidates, based upon additional governmental
regulation resulting from future legislative or administrative
action or changes in FDA policy or interpretation during the
period of product development. Delays or failures in obtaining
regulatory approvals may:
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adversely affect our ability to commercialize any product
candidates that we develop; |
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diminish any competitive advantages that we may have or
attain; and |
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adversely affect revenues or receipt of royalties from the sale
of our products. |
Furthermore, any required regulatory approvals, if granted, may
be withdrawn later. If we fail to comply with applicable FDA and
other regulatory requirements at any time, we may be subject to
restrictions, including:
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delays in clinical trials or commercialization; |
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refusal by the FDA to review pending applications or supplements
to approved applications; |
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product recalls or seizures; |
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suspension of manufacturing; |
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withdrawals of previously approved marketing
applications; and |
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fines, civil penalties and criminal prosecutions. |
The ability to market a pharmaceutical product outside of the
United States is contingent upon receiving marketing
authorization from the respective foreign regulatory
authorities. Foreign regulatory approval processes typically
include many, if not all, of the risks associated with the FDA
as described above and may include additional risks.
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If third-party vendors upon whom we rely to conduct our
clinical trials do not perform or fail to comply with strict
regulations, the clinical trials for our product candidates may
be terminated, delayed, or unsuccessful. |
We have limited experience in conducting and managing large
clinical trials. We rely on third parties, including clinical
research organizations, outside consultants and principal
investigators to assist us in managing, monitoring and
conducting our clinical trials. We rely on these vendors and
individuals to assist in the recruitment of sites and patients
for participation in our clinical trials, to maintain positive
relations with the clinical sites and to ensure that these sites
are conducting our trials in compliance with the protocol, our
instructions and applicable regulations. If these third parties
fail to perform satisfactorily or do not adequately fulfill
their obligations under the terms of our agreements with them,
we may not be able to enter into alternative arrangements
without undue delay or additional expenditures, and therefore
the clinical trials for our product candidates may be delayed or
unsuccessful. Furthermore, the FDA may inspect some of the
clinical sites participating in our clinical trials, or our
third party vendors sites, to determine if our clinical
trials are being conducted according to current good clinical
practices. If the FDA determines that our third-party vendors
are not in compliance with applicable regulations, we may be
required to delay, repeat or terminate such clinical trials. Any
delay, repetition or termination of our clinical trials could
materially harm our business.
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If third-party suppliers upon whom we rely or may rely to
provide us with the critical raw material for Veronate do not
perform or fail to comply with strict regulations, our clinical
trials for, and the commercialization of, Veronate could be
terminated, delayed, or adversely affected. |
We purchase plasma, which contains the specific antibodies
needed to manufacture Veronate, from DCI Management Group, Inc.,
or DCI, under a long-term supply contract. While we have also
recently entered into a long-term supply arrangement with one
other supplier to provide us with plasma for the
commercialization of Veronate we expect in the near-term to
depend on DCI for the majority of this critical raw material.
Although our agreement with this other supplier is intended to
reduce our reliance on one supplier, in the event that DCI is
not able to supply us pursuant to our contract with them,
particularly in the near term, it may be difficult for us to
find a sufficient supply of plasma from other vendors on
commercially acceptable terms without undue delays, which could
adversely impact our cost, as well as our ability, to
manufacture Veronate on a timely basis.
The collection and testing of plasma, including screening
procedures for plasma donors, is subject to extensive and strict
regulation by the FDA and other foreign regulatory authorities.
In the event that DCI, or any other existing or future supplier,
fails to comply with these stringent regulations, it could be
precluded from shipping us an adequate supply of plasma, which
could adversely impact our ability to manufacture Veronate on a
timely basis, if at all.
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If third-party contract manufacturers, upon whom we rely
to manufacture our product candidates do not perform, fail to
manufacture according to our specifications or fail to comply
with strict regulations, our clinical trials and the
commercialization of our products could be terminated, delayed,
or adversely affected. |
We do not own or operate any manufacturing facilities. We have
contracted with third-party manufacturers to make our product
candidates for our clinical trials. We also intend to rely on
third-party contract manufacturers, at least for the foreseeable
future, to manufacture our products if and when they are
approved for sale. Our reliance on third-party contract
manufacturers exposes us to a number of risks, any of which
could delay or prevent the completion of our clinical trials,
the regulatory approval or commercialization of our product
candidates, result in higher costs, or deprive us of potential
product revenues. Some of these risks include:
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Each of our current product candidates is, and will likely
continue to be, made by a single third-party contract
manufacturer. We do not have alternate manufacturing plans for
our product candidates at this |
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time. It may be difficult or impossible for us to find
alternative manufacturers on commercially acceptable terms, if
at all. |
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Changing our current or future manufacturers may be difficult
for us, as the number of potential contract manufacturers that
would be able to make our products is limited and a change may
interrupt our ability to continue with our clinical trials or
supply our products to the marketplace if we obtain approval for
a product candidate. In accordance with FDA-mandated current
good manufacturing practices, or cGMPs, changing manufacturers
will require re-validation of the manufacturing processes and
procedures and may require further clinical trials, which may be
costly and time consuming. |
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Our contract manufacturers may not perform as agreed or may not
remain in the contract manufacturing business. |
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The manufacture of biologic products requires meeting with
numerous and strict safety, quality and regulatory standards.
Our contract manufacturers may not produce our product
candidates according to their own standards, our specifications,
cGMP requirements or may otherwise manufacture material that we
or the FDA may deem unusable in our clinical trials or
commercially. |
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Our manufacturers plants may be closed as a result of a
natural disaster. |
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To date, our product candidates have been manufactured in small
quantities for preclinical studies and clinical trials. If we
are unable to increase the manufacturing scale of, or increase
the capacity for, our product candidates, their regulatory
approval or commercial launch may be delayed; we may experience
a shortage in supply, or the cost to manufacture our products
may adversely affect the profitability of our products. We
cannot assure you that we can find alternative manufacturers
acceptable to us who can do so. |
Drug manufacturers are subject to ongoing periodic inspections
by the FDA, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration,
or DEA, and corresponding state and foreign agencies to ensure
strict compliance with cGMPs, other government regulations and
corresponding foreign standards. While we are obligated to audit
their performance, we do not have control over our third-party
manufacturers compliance with these regulations and
standards. Failure by our third-party manufacturers, or us, to
comply with applicable regulations could result in sanctions
being imposed on us, including fines, injunctions, civil
penalties, failure of the government to grant pre-market
approval of drugs, delays, suspension or withdrawal of
approvals, seizures or recalls of product, operating
restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which could
significantly and adversely affect our business.
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Our third-party contract manufacturer for Veronate is a
potential competitor. If we fail to maintain or renew our
manufacturing agreement with this manufacturer, the development
and commercialization of Veronate could be delayed or adversely
affected. |
In December 2001, we entered into a ten-year contract
manufacturing agreement with Nabi Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., or
Nabi, to be our contract manufacturer for Veronate. Nabi is a
publicly-held company that discovers, develops, manufactures and
markets antibody-based products. Nabi has antibody based product
candidates currently being evaluated in various stages of
clinical trials that are directed towards preventing
staphylococcal infections, one of which could potentially
compete with Veronate, if approved. Nabis other
antibody-based product candidate could potentially compete with
our staphylococcal vaccine that is the subject of our worldwide
license and collaboration agreement with Wyeth. Under our
agreement with Nabi, we may not be able to engage any other
third party to manufacture Veronate until our agreement with
Nabi is terminated. If we fail to maintain or renew our
manufacturing agreement with Nabi, the development and
commercialization of Veronate could be delayed or adversely
affected.
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We have experienced losses since our inception. We expect
to continue to incur such losses for the foreseeable future and
we may never become profitable. |
Since inception through December 31, 2004, we have incurred
a cumulative deficit of approximately $103.0 million. Our
losses to date have resulted principally from:
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costs related to our research programs and the preclinical
development of our product candidates; and |
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general and administrative costs relating to our operations. |
We anticipate incurring substantial and increasing losses for
the foreseeable future as we further develop our product
candidates, particularly Veronate, which will require us to
conduct significant research and laboratory testing, conduct
clinical trials, as well as seek regulatory approvals. In
addition, we intend to establish a hospital-based sales force in
the United States to market and sell Veronate, and potentially
Aurexis and our other product candidates. We also expect that
our general and administrative expenses will increase as we add
additional personnel to support our operations. We cannot assure
you that we will ever become profitable.
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We may be forced to delay or curtail the development or
commercialization of our product candidates if we are unable to
obtain additional funding. |
We expect that our need for additional capital will be
substantial and the extent of this need will depend on many
factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:
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the successful and continued development of our product
candidates in preclinical and clinical testing; |
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the establishment of marketing and sales capabilities and the
costs to commercialize our product candidates; |
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the costs associated with protecting and expanding our patent
and other intellectual property rights; |
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future payments, if any, received or made under existing or
possible future collaborative arrangements; |
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the timing of regulatory approvals needed to market our product
candidates; |
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market acceptance of our products; and |
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the need to acquire licenses to new products or compounds. |
We anticipate that our existing cash, cash equivalents and
short-term investments will enable us to operate for a period of
approximately 21 months. We have no committed sources of
additional capital. We cannot assure you that funds will be
available to us in the future on favorable terms, if at all. If
adequate funds are not available to us on terms that we find
acceptable, or at all, we may be required to delay, reduce the
scope of, or eliminate research and development efforts or
clinical trials on any or all of our product candidates. We may
also be forced to curtail or restructure our operations, obtain
funds by entering into arrangements with collaborators on
unattractive terms or relinquish rights to certain technologies
or product candidates that we would not otherwise relinquish in
order to continue independent operations.
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We may be unable to successfully develop or commercialize
product candidates that are the subject of collaborations if our
collaborators do not perform. |
We expect to enter into and rely on collaborations with third
parties to develop and/or commercialize our product candidates
outside of the United States and in certain circumstances, in
the United States. If we do so, such collaborators may not
perform as agreed, fail to comply with strict regulations or
elect to delay or terminate their efforts in developing or
commercializing our product candidates. We currently have
collaborations with Dyax Corp. to jointly develop a monoclonal
antibody that targets MSCRAMM proteins on enterococci and with
Wyeth to develop a vaccine to prevent staphylococcal infections
in humans. We believe these collaborations are necessary for us
to fund research and development activities, provide a suitable
manufacturer, obtain regulatory approvals and to successfully
commercialize any product candidates that result form these
collaborations. We cannot assure you that any product candidates
will
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emerge from our relationships with Dyax or Wyeth, or other
collaborations we may enter into in the future related any of
our other product candidates.
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If we are unable to attract and retain key employees,
advisors or consultants, we may be unable to successfully
develop and commercialize our product candidates or otherwise
manage our business effectively and the price of our common
stock may be adversely affected. |
Our success depends in part on our ability to attract and retain
highly qualified management and personnel and academic
scientists and clinicians as advisors or consultants. We are
currently dependent upon the efforts of our executive officers,
each of whom is party to an employment agreement with us. In
order to pursue our product development and commercialization
strategies, we will need to attract and hire additional
personnel with experience in a number of disciplines, including
clinical testing, government regulation, manufacturing, sales
and marketing, drug reimbursement and information systems.
Although we have not had material difficulties in attracting and
retaining key personnel in the past, we may not be able to
continue to attract and retain such personnel on acceptable
terms, if at all. If we lose any key employees, or are unable to
attract and retain qualified personnel or advisors, our business
may be harmed.
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Our industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid
technological changes. As a result we may be unable to compete
successfully or develop innovative products, which could harm
our business. |
The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are highly
competitive and subject to significant and rapid technological
change as researchers learn more about diseases and develop new
technologies and treatments. Our current and potential
competitors generally include, among others, major multinational
pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology firms, universities and
other research institutions. In particular, we are aware that
Nabi, Biosynexus, Inc., and NeuTec PLC are developing
protein-based product candidates, including antibodies, enzymes
and peptides, for the prevention and treatment of staphylococcal
infections. These companies have commenced clinical trials for
these product candidates. Some of these companies and
institutions, either alone or together with their collaborators,
have substantially greater financial resources and larger
research and development staffs than we do. In addition, many of
these competitors, either alone or together with their
collaborators, have significantly greater experience than we do
in discovering, developing, manufacturing and marketing
products. Developments by others may render our product
candidates or technologies obsolete or noncompetitive.
We face, and will continue to face, intense competition from
other companies for collaborative arrangements with
pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, for establishing
relationships with academic and research institutions, for
attracting investigators and sites capable of conducting our
clinical trials and for licenses of proprietary technology.
These competitors, either alone or with their collaborators, may
succeed in developing technologies or products that are more
effective, less expensive or easier to administer than ours.
Accordingly, our competitors may succeed in obtaining FDA or
other regulatory approvals for their drug candidates more
rapidly than we can. Companies that complete clinical trials,
obtain required regulatory approvals and commercialize their
drugs before their competitors may achieve a significant
competitive advantage, including certain patent and FDA
marketing exclusivity rights that could delay the ability of
competitors to market certain products. We cannot assure you
that product candidates resulting from our research and
development efforts, or from joint efforts with our
collaborators, will be able to compete successfully with our
competitors existing products or products under
development.
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Most of our product candidates target Orphan Drug
indications. If we fail to obtain approval for an Orphan Drug
indication before one of our competitors does, we may be
prevented from selling our products for a period of time. |
Our lead product candidate, Veronate, has been granted Orphan
Drug status by the FDA for the reduction of nosocomial
bacteremia caused by staphylococci in very low birth weight, or
VLBW, infants. We believe that several of our other product
candidates may also target Orphan Drug indications, which are
indications where the intended patient population in the United
States is less than 200,000 individuals. Orphan Drug status in
the United States is intended to provide, subject to certain
limited exceptions,
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market exclusivity in the United States for seven years for
products that are the first to receive FDA approval for the
designated indication. We believe that Nabi and Biosynexus, Inc.
have also been granted Orphan Drug status for their
antibody-based products that are being evaluated in clinical
trials for the prevention of staphylococcal infections in
premature infants. If we are not first to receive FDA approval
for our Orphan Drug indications, we may be prevented from having
our product candidates approved in those indications for up to
seven years. In addition, even if we are first to obtain
approval for our Orphan Drug indications, clinicians may choose
to use products that have been approved for other indications.
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If our products do not gain meaningful acceptance in their
intended markets, we are not likely to generate significant
revenues or become profitable. |
Even if we successfully develop our product candidates and
obtain the requisite regulatory approvals to sell them in the
future, they may not gain market acceptance or utilization among
physicians and patients, or reimbursement and support from
third-party payers. The degree of market acceptance for any
product that we commercialize will depend on a number of
factors, including:
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the products potential advantages over existing or
alternative therapies; |
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the actual or perceived safety of similar classes of products; |
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the effectiveness of our sales, marketing and distribution
capabilities; and |
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the scope of the product label approved by the FDA. |
There can be no assurance that hospitals or physicians will
choose to administer our products to their intended patient
population. If our products do not achieve meaningful market
acceptance or if the market for our products proves to be
smaller than anticipated, we may not generate significant
revenues or ever become profitable.
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If we are unable to adequately protect our intellectual
property, our business prospects could be harmed. |
Our success depends in part on our ability to:
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obtain patents or rights to patents and maintain their validity; |
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protect our trade secrets; |
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operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of
others; and |
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prevent others from infringing on our proprietary rights or
patents. |
We will be able to protect our proprietary intellectual property
rights from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent
that our proprietary rights are covered by valid and enforceable
patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets. The
patent position of biopharmaceutical companies involves complex
legal and factual questions, and, therefore, we cannot predict
with certainty whether we will be able to ultimately enforce our
patents or proprietary rights. Any patents that we own or
licenses we have rights to may be challenged, invalidated or
circumvented, and may not provide us with the protection against
competitors that we anticipate. Accordingly, we may be forced to
engage in costly and time consuming litigation in order to
protect our intellectual property rights. Our pending patent
applications, or those we may file or license from third parties
in the future, may not result in patents being issued. Until a
patent is issued, the claims covered by the patent may be
narrowed or removed entirely and therefore we may not obtain
adequate patent protection. As a result, we may face
unanticipated competition, or conclude that without patent
rights the risk of bringing product candidates to the market is
too great, thus adversely affecting our operating results.
Because of the extensive time required for the development,
testing and regulatory review of a product candidate, it is
possible that before any of our product candidates can be
approved for sale and commercialized, our relevant patent rights
may expire or remain in force for only a short period following
commercialization. Patent expiration could adversely affect our
ability to protect future product development and, consequently,
our operating results and financial position. Also, patent
rights may not provide us with adequate proprietary protection
or competitive
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advantages against competitors with similar technologies. The
laws of certain foreign countries do not protect our
intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws
of the United States.
In addition to patents, we rely on trade secrets and proprietary
know-how. We seek to protect these, in part, through
confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements. These agreements
may not provide meaningful protection or adequate remedies for
our technology in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of
confidential and proprietary information. Failure to protect our
trade secrets and proprietary know-how could seriously impair
our competitive position and harm our business. We may become
involved in costly litigation in order to enforce patent rights
or protect trade secrets or know-how that we own or license.
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If a third party claims we are infringing on its
intellectual property rights, we could incur significant
litigation or licensing expenses, or be prevented from further
developing or commercializing our products. |
Our commercial success depends in part on our ability to operate
without infringing the patents and other proprietary rights of
third parties. The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries
are characterized by extensive litigation regarding patents and
other intellectual property rights. The defense and prosecution
of intellectual property claims, United States Patent and
Trademark Office interference proceedings and related legal and
administrative proceedings in the United States and
internationally involve complex legal and factual questions. As
a result, such proceedings are lengthy, costly and
time-consuming and their outcome is uncertain. We may become
involved in litigation in order to determine the enforceability,
scope and validity of the proprietary rights of others.
Scientific research has been conducted for many years in the
areas in which we have focused our research and development
efforts, which has resulted in third parties having a number of
issued patents and still-pending patent applications. Patent
applications in the United States are, in most cases, maintained
in secrecy until the patent is issued. The publication of
discoveries in the scientific or patent literature frequently
occurs substantially later than the date on which the underlying
discoveries were made. Therefore, patent applications relating
to products similar to our product candidates may have already
been filed by others without our knowledge. In the event an
infringement claim is brought against us, we may be required to
pay substantial legal and other expenses to defend such a claim
and, if we are unsuccessful in defending the claim, we may be
prevented from pursuing related product development and
commercialization and may be subject to damage awards.
If we become involved in any patent litigation, interference or
other administrative proceedings, we will incur substantial
expense, and the efforts of our technical and management
personnel will be significantly diverted. A detrimental outcome
of such litigation or proceedings may expose us to loss of our
proprietary position or to significant liabilities, or require
us to seek licenses that may not be available from third parties
on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. We may be
restricted or prevented from developing, manufacturing and
selling our product candidates in the event of an adverse
determination in a judicial or administrative proceeding or if
we fail to obtain necessary licenses.
Our current and future product candidates may be covered by
third-party patents or other intellectual property rights, in
which case we would need to obtain a license or sublicense to
these rights in order to develop or commercialize them. Any
required licenses may not be available to us on acceptable
terms, if at all. If we do not obtain any required licenses or
sublicenses, we could encounter delays in the development of our
product candidates or be prevented from manufacturing and
commercializing our products. If it is determined that we have
infringed an issued patent, we could be compelled to pay
significant damages, including punitive damages. In cases where
we have in-licensed intellectual property, our failure to comply
with the terms and conditions of such agreements could harm our
business.
Biosynexus, Inc. filed suit against us in January 2003 in the
Superior Court of Fulton County, Georgia, alleging the
misappropriation of trade secrets, which we purportedly received
through a large, nationally recognized third-party contract
research organization and utilized in the design of clinical
trials for Veronate. In its suit, Biosynexus is seeking
injunctive relief as well as financial damages. As described
under Competition, we believe Biosynexus is
developing a monoclonal antibody against staphylococcal
organisms for use in the pediatric market. In July 2003, the
court denied Biosynexus request for injunctive
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relief, and further ruled that we made a preliminary showing
that we had not misappropriated, converted or benefited from the
use of any property, including trade secrets, of Biosynexus. The
courts ruling also indicated that Biosynexus had not shown
a substantial likelihood that it would ultimately prevail on the
merits of its case at trial. In August 2003, Biosynexus filed a
notice of appeal of the courts ruling. We can provide no
assurance that the appeal filed by Biosynexus will not be
successful or that we will not be subject to similar suits in
the future.
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If we fail to establish marketing and sales capabilities
or fail to enter into effective sales, marketing and
distribution arrangements with third parties, we may not be able
to successfully commercialize our products. |
We intend to sell Veronate, and possibly Aurexis, through our
own hospital-based sales force in the United States and
establish relationships with other companies to commercialize
them in other countries around the world. We currently have no
internal sales and marketing capabilities, or an infrastructure
to support such activities, and have no experience in the
commercialization of hospital-based pharmaceutical products.
Therefore, our future profitability will depend in part on our
ability to develop a capable hospital-based sales force and
suitable marketing capabilities. The development of our own
hospital-based sales force and marketing capabilities will
result in us incurring significant costs before the time that we
may generate significant revenues. We may not be able to attract
and retain qualified marketing or sales personnel, or be able to
establish an effective hospital-based sales force. To the extent
that we enter into marketing and sales arrangements with other
companies to sell, promote or market our products in the United
States or abroad, our product revenues will depend on their
efforts, which may not be successful.
Hospital-based products are typically distributed through
third-party distributors rather than directly through the
organization conducting the sale and marketing of the product.
Our ability to accurately forecast our sales will be directly
linked to the quality and timeliness of inventory information
provided by these third-party distributors.
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If government and third-party payers fail to provide
coverage and adequate reimbursement rates for our products, our
revenues and potential for profitability will be harmed. |
In both the United States and foreign markets, our product
revenues will depend principally upon the reimbursement rates
established by third-party payers for our products. Such
third-party payers include government health administration
authorities, managed-care providers, private health insurers and
other organizations. These third-party payers are increasingly
challenging the price and examining the cost effectiveness of
medical products and services. In addition, significant
uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status, if any, of
newly approved drugs or pharmaceutical products. We may need to
conduct post-marketing clinical trials in order to demonstrate
the cost-effectiveness of our products. Such studies may require
us to commit a significant amount of management time and
financial and other resources. We cannot assure you that our
products will be reimbursed in part or at all by any of these
third-party payers.
Domestic and foreign governments continue to propose and pass
legislation designed to reduce the cost of healthcare, including
drugs. In some foreign markets, governments control prescription
drugs pricing and profitability. In the United States, we
expect that there will continue to be federal and state
proposals to implement similar governmental control. In
addition, increasing emphasis on managed care in the United
States will continue to put pressure on the pricing of
pharmaceutical products. Cost control initiatives could decrease
the price that we receive for any products in the future, which
would limit our revenues and profitability. Accordingly,
legislation and regulations affecting the pricing of
pharmaceutical products may change before our product candidates
are approved for sale, which could further limit or eliminate
reimbursement rates for our products.
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Veronate is a blood product derived from human plasma. The
administration of blood products could result in the
transmission of infectious diseases that could prevent us from
selling Veronate or expose us to liability. |
Veronate, our lead product candidate, is an immune globulin.
Immune globulins contain antibodies derived from human plasma,
which is a component of blood. Certain pathogenic organisms and
impurities are found in blood. While the collection, testing,
processing, manufacture, and storage of immune globulins like
Veronate are designed to eliminate harmful pathogens or other
impurities, we cannot assure you that this will prevent
transmission of both known and unknown pathogens or impurities
to patients being treated with Veronate. If Veronate were known
to have transmitted any harmful pathogens or impurities,
approval of Veronate may be delayed, suspended or withdrawn, we
could be forced to recall the product, and we may be subject to
product liability claims. Further, if public concern arises that
any blood product other than Veronate may transmit a disease,
approval for Veronate may be delayed or withdrawn, or the use of
Veronate may be reduced or limited due to these concerns.
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If a product liability claim is successfully brought
against us for uninsured liabilities or exceeds our insurance
coverage, we could be forced to pay substantial damage
awards. |
The use of any of our product candidates in clinical trials and
the sale of any approved products may expose us to product
liability claims. We currently have product liability insurance
coverage for our clinical trials in the amount of
$5.0 million. In the event any of our product candidates
are approved for sale by the FDA, we anticipate that we will
need to increase our product liability coverage. Such insurance
coverage may not protect us against any or all of the product
liability claims which may be brought against us in the future.
We may not be able to acquire or maintain adequate such
insurance coverage at a commercially reasonable cost or in
sufficient amounts or scope to protect us against potential
losses. In the event a product liability claim is brought
against us, we may be required to pay legal and other expenses
to defend the claim, as well as uncovered damage awards
resulting from a claim brought successfully against us.
Defending any product liability claim or claims could require us
to expend significant financial and managerial resources, which
could have an adverse effect on our business.
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Our revenues, expenses and results of operations will be
subject to significant fluctuations, which will make it
difficult to compare our operating results from period to
period. |
Until we have successfully developed and commercialized a
product candidate, we expect that substantially all of our
revenues will result from payments under collaborative
arrangements. To date, these payments have been in the form of
up-front license and research and development support payments.
We may not be able to generate additional revenues under
existing or future collaborative agreements. Furthermore,
payments potentially due to us under our existing and any future
collaborative arrangements, including any milestone and up-front
payments, are subject to significant fluctuation in both timing
and amount, or may never be paid. Therefore, our historical and
current revenues may not be indicative of our ability to
continue to achieve additional payment-generating milestones. In
addition, our supply and manufacturing agreements with respect
to Veronate and Aurexis require us to purchase certain minimum
amounts that we may not need and therefore may be uneconomic to
us. As of December 31, 2004, our minimum purchase
commitments amounted to an aggregate of $18.3 million,
assuming the relevant agreements are not cancelled or terminated
by us. We expect that our operating results will vary
significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year as a
result of the timing of our research and development efforts,
the execution or termination of collaborative arrangements, the
initiation, success or failure of clinical trials, the timing of
the manufacture of our product candidates, or other development
related factors. Accordingly, our revenues and results of
operations for any period may not be comparable to the revenues
or results of operations for any other period.
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If we succeed in implementing our strategy, we may
encounter difficulties in managing our growth and expanding our
operations successfully. |
If we successfully advance our product candidates through
clinical development and regulatory approvals, we will need to
add or expand research and clinical development, regulatory,
manufacturing, information technology and marketing and sales
capabilities or contract with third parties to provide these
capabilities for us. If our operations expand we will need to
hire additional personnel and add corporate functions that we
currently do not have. Our ability to manage our operations and
growth will require us to continue to improve our operational,
financial and management controls, information technology and
reporting systems, and procedures. We may not be able to
implement such improvements to our management information and
control systems in an efficient or timely manner and may
discover deficiencies in existing systems and controls.
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If our use of hazardous materials results in contamination
or injury, we could suffer significant financial loss. |
Our research and manufacturing activities involve the controlled
use of certain hazardous materials and medical waste.
Notwithstanding the regulations controlling the use of these
materials and the safety procedures we undertake, we cannot
eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from
these materials. In the event of an accident or environmental
discharge or exposure, we may be held liable for any resulting
damages, which may exceed our financial resources.
Risks Related to the Ownership of Our Common Stock
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Our common stock price has been highly volatile, and your
investment could suffer a decline in value. |
The market price of our common stock has been highly volatile
since we completed our initial public offering in June 2004. The
market price of our common stock is likely to continue to be
highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in
response to various factors and events, including but not
limited to:
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disclosure of our or our competitors clinical trial data; |
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the approval or commercialization of new products by us or our
competitors and the disclosure thereof; |
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announcements of scientific innovations by us or our competitors; |
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rumors relating to us or our competitors; |
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public concern about the safety of our product candidates,
products or similar classes of products; |
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litigation to which we may become subject; |
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actual or anticipated variations in our annual and quarterly
operating results; |
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changes in general conditions or trends in the biotechnology and
pharmaceutical industries; |
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changes in drug reimbursement rates or policies; |
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announcements by us of significant acquisitions, strategic
partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; |
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new regulatory legislation adopted in the United States or
abroad; |
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our failure to achieve or meet equity research analysts
expectations or their estimates of our business, or a change in
their recommendations concerning our company, the value of our
common stock or our industry in general; |
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termination or delay in any of our existing or future
collaborative arrangements; |
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future sales of equity or debt securities, including large block
trades; |
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changes in accounting principles; and |
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general economic conditions. |
In addition, the stock market in general, and the Nasdaq
National Market and the market for biotechnology stocks in
particular, have historically experienced significant price and
volume fluctuations. Volatility in the market price for a
particular companys stock has often been unrelated or
disproportionate to the operating performance of that company.
Market and industry factors may seriously harm the market price
of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance.
Due to this volatility, our stockholders may be unable to sell
their shares of common stock at or above the price they paid.
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If we raise additional capital in the future, the
ownership of our current stockholders could be diluted. |
We expect that we will need to raise additional capital in the
future. We may not be able to do so on favorable terms, if at
all. Additional equity financings we may undertake may be
dilutive to the holders of our common stock or cause the price
of our common stock to decline. If we obtain funds through a
credit facility or through the issuance of debt or preferred
securities, these securities would have rights senior to the
rights of a common stockholders. If we cannot obtain sufficient
capital on commercially acceptable terms, we will not be able to
fully carry out our business strategy.
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Future sales of shares of our common stock may cause our
stock price to decline, even if our business is doing
well. |
The sale of a significant number of these shares of our common
stock, or the perception that such sales could occur,
particularly with respect to our directors, executive officers,
and other insiders, or their affiliates, could materially and
adversely affect the market price of our common stock and impair
our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional
equity securities at a price deemed appropriate.
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Insiders will continue to have substantial control over us
after this offering, which could delay or prevent a change in
our control. |
As of December 31, 2004, our directors and executive
officers together with their affiliates, beneficially owned, in
the aggregate, approximately 58.7% of our outstanding shares of
common stock. As a result, these stockholders, acting together,
would have the ability to delay or prevent a change in control
that may be favored by other stockholders and otherwise exercise
significant influence over all corporate actions requiring
stockholder approval, irrespective of how our other stockholders
may vote, including:
|
|
|
the election of directors; |
|
|
any amendment of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws; |
|
|
the approval of some mergers and other significant corporate
transactions, including a sale of substantially all of our
assets; or |
|
|
the defeat of any non-negotiated takeover attempt that might
otherwise benefit the public stockholders. |
|
|
|
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our
amended and restated bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions
that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in our control
or our management. |
Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of
incorporation, bylaws and the laws of Delaware, the state in
which we are incorporated, may discourage, delay or prevent a
change in control of us or a change in management that
stockholders may consider favorable. These provisions:
|
|
|
establish a classified, or staggered, board of directors, so
that not all members of our board may be elected at one time; |
|
|
set limitations on the removal of directors; |
35
|
|
|
limit who may call a special meeting of stockholders; |
|
|
establish advance notice requirements for nominations for
election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that
can be acted upon at stockholder meetings; |
|
|
prohibit stockholder action by written consent, thereby
requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of
our stockholders; and |
|
|
provide our board of directors the ability to designate the
terms of and issue new series of preferred stock without
stockholder approval. |
These provisions could discourage proxy contests and make it
more difficult for you and other stockholders to remove and
elect directors and take other corporate actions. These
provisions could also limit the price that investors might be
willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.
Our offices and laboratory facilities are currently located in
two separate leased properties in Alpharetta, Georgia, a
northern suburb of Atlanta. We lease our office space, which is
approximately 13,500 square feet, under a lease which
expires in June 2005. We lease our laboratory facility, which is
approximately 12,500 square feet, under a separate
sub-lease, which expires in December 2005. In December 2003, we
entered into an agreement to lease a 51,000 square foot
facility in Alpharetta, Georgia, which is being built to our
specifications, where we will relocate all personnel from both
of our existing facilities. We anticipate that we will occupy
this new facility during the second quarter of 2005, at which
time we expect that our expense, including minimum lease
obligations for this facility, and amortization of leasehold
improvements paid by the lessor will approximate
$1.0 million per annum for the lease term of ten years.
|
|
ITEM 3. |
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
In January 2003, Biosynexus commenced an action against us in
the Superior Court of Fulton County, Georgia. The suit seeks
injunctive relief and financial damages of $10.0 million on
each of the three claims of (i) obtaining,
(ii) converting and (iii) benefiting from alleged
trade secrets, which we purportedly received through a large,
nationally recognized third-party contract research organization.
In July 2003, the court denied Biosynexus request for an
interlocutory injunction. The courts ruling also stated
that we made a preliminary showing that we did not
misappropriate any Biosynexus information; that we are not using
the information at issue; that our clinical trial protocol and
approach to reporting adverse events, which were the alleged
trade secrets, are substantially different than
Biosynexus; and that the alleged trade secrets are in fact
not trade secrets but well known, widely-used and
widely-reported concepts as applied to premature babies in a
NICU. The courts ruling also indicated that Biosynexus had
not shown a substantial likelihood that it will ultimately
prevail on the merits of its case at trial. Following this
ruling, we notified Biosynexus, and its attorneys, of our intent
to pursue an abusive litigation claim, as provided for under
Georgia law, against Biosynexus to seek full recovery of all
legal fees and expenses related to the suit if they did not drop
such claim within 30 days. In August 2003, Biosynexus filed
notice in the Superior Court of Fulton County of its intent to
appeal the courts ruling. Our motion for summary judgment
filed in August 2003 has been stayed pending the appeal to the
Georgia Supreme Court. We can provide no assurance that the
appeal filed by Biosynexus will not be successful or that we
will not be subject to similar suits in the future.
Otherwise, we are not a party to or engaged in any material
legal proceedings.
36
|
|
ITEM 4. |
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
Not Applicable
PART II
|
|
ITEM 5. |
MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED
STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY
SECURITIES |
The Companys common stock trades on The Nasdaq National
Market under the symbol INHX. At March 21,
2005, the Company had 113 common stockholders of record. This
figure does not represent the actual number of beneficial owners
of common stock because shares are generally held in
street name by securities dealers and others for the
benefit of individual owners who may vote the shares.
The following table shows the range of high and low prices and
year-end closing prices for our common stock for each completed
fiscal quarter since June 4, 2004.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
High | |
|
Low | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Second Quarter (From June 4, 2004)
|
|
$ |
7.75 |
|
|
$ |
7.00 |
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
7.66 |
|
|
|
4.80 |
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
12.76 |
|
|
|
4.92 |
|
Year End Close
|
|
$ |
8.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its
common stock and does not anticipate paying any cash dividends
in the foreseeable future. The Company currently intends to
retain any earnings to fund future growth, product development
and operations.
|
|
ITEM 6. |
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
The following selected financial data should be read in
conjunction with, and are qualified by reference to,
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations and our Financial
Statements and related Notes included elsewhere in this
Form 10-K. The statement of operations data for the years
ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 and the balance
sheet data as of December 31, 2003 and 2004 are derived
from our audited financial statements, which are included
elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The statements of operations
data for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001; and
the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2000, 2001, and
2002 are derived from our audited financial statements that are
not included in this Form 10-K. The selected financial data
for the
37
period from inception on May 13, 1994 through
December 31, 2004 were derived from our audited financial
statements.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inception | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(May 13, 1994) | |
|
|
|
|
through | |
|
Years Ended December 31, | |
|
|
December 31, | |
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2000 | |
|
2001 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(In thousands, except per share data) | |
Statement of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$ |
3,812 |
|
|
$ |
634 |
|
|
$ |
271 |
|
|
$ |
900 |
|
|
$ |
1,096 |
|
|
$ |
650 |
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
75,039 |
|
|
|
5,864 |
|
|
|
7,099 |
|
|
|
15,615 |
|
|
|
18,991 |
|
|
|
22,581 |
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
16,303 |
|
|
|
1,121 |
|
|
|
1,847 |
|
|
|
3,328 |
|
|
|
4,581 |
|
|
|
4,040 |
|
|
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
|
|
|
649 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
176 |
|
|
|
473 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
91,991 |
|
|
|
6,985 |
|
|
|
8,946 |
|
|
|
18,943 |
|
|
|
23,748 |
|
|
|
27,094 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from operations
|
|
|
(88,179 |
) |
|
|
(6,351 |
) |
|
|
(8,675 |
) |
|
|
(18,043 |
) |
|
|
(22,652 |
) |
|
|
(26,444 |
) |
Interest and other income (expense), net
|
|
|
1,606 |
|
|
|
(112 |
) |
|
|
568 |
|
|
|
430 |
|
|
|
319 |
|
|
|
532 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
(86,573 |
) |
|
|
(6,463 |
) |
|
|
(8,107 |
) |
|
|
(17,613 |
) |
|
|
(22,333 |
) |
|
|
(25,912 |
) |
Dividends and accretion to redemption value of redeemable
preferred stock
|
|
|
(16,382 |
) |
|
|
(461 |
) |
|
|
(1,271 |
) |
|
|
(5,626 |
) |
|
|
(6,201 |
) |
|
|
(2,823 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
|
|
$ |
(102,955 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,924 |
) |
|
$ |
(9,378 |
) |
|
$ |
(23,239 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,534 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,735 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders
per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(16.85 |
) |
|
$ |
(21.17 |
) |
|
$ |
(47.83 |
) |
|
$ |
(54.19 |
) |
|
$ |
(2.52 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss attributable to common
stockholders per share (unaudited)(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(2.81 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares used to compute basic and diluted net
loss attributable to common stockholders per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
410,945 |
|
|
|
442,980 |
|
|
|
485,842 |
|
|
|
526,578 |
|
|
|
11,416,354 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma weighted average shares used to compute basic and
diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders per share
(unaudited)(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,145,137 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2000 | |
|
2001 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
7,982 |
|
|
$ |
1,404 |
|
|
$ |
28,658 |
|
|
$ |
26,649 |
|
|
$ |
71,581 |
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
1,499 |
|
|
|
15,624 |
|
Working capital (deficit)
|
|
|
5,737 |
|
|
|
(1,360 |
) |
|
|
25,838 |
|
|
|
23,529 |
|
|
|
79,560 |
|
Total assets
|
|
|
9,708 |
|
|
|
3,622 |
|
|
|
31,942 |
|
|
|
30,662 |
|
|
|
91,239 |
|
Long-term debt and capital leases, less current portion
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
|
572 |
|
|
|
459 |
|
|
|
1,795 |
|
|
|
807 |
|
Redeemable convertible preferred stock and warrants
|
|
|
19,276 |
|
|
|
20,558 |
|
|
|
70,934 |
|
|
|
95,608 |
|
|
|
|
|
Deficit accumulated during the development stage
|
|
|
(13,070 |
) |
|
|
(22,448 |
) |
|
|
(45,686 |
) |
|
|
(74,220 |
) |
|
|
(102,955 |
) |
Total stockholders (deficit) equity
|
|
|
(12,304 |
) |
|
|
(21,666 |
) |
|
|
(44,886 |
) |
|
|
(73,226 |
) |
|
|
80,546 |
|
|
|
(1) |
See Note 3 of Notes to Financial Statements for a
description of the method used to compute pro forma basic and
diluted net loss per common share and number of shares used in
computing pro forma basic and diluted net loss per common share. |
39
|
|
ITEM 7. |
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
You should read this discussion together with the Financial
Statements, related Notes and other financial information
included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The following
discussion contains assumptions, estimates and other
forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and
uncertainties, including those discussed under Risk
Factors, Special Note on Forward-Looking
Statements and elsewhere in this Form 10-K. These
risks could cause our actual results to differ materially from
those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company committed to the discovery,
development and commercialization of antibody-based products for
the prevention and treatment of serious bacterial and fungal
infections. We currently have two product candidates in
late-stage clinical development. Veronate, our lead product
candidate, is the subject of a 2,000 patient Phase III
clinical trial, for which we initiated enrollment in May 2004.
We are developing Veronate for the prevention of
hospital-associated infections in premature, very low birth
weight, or VLBW, infants. In February 2004, we completed a
512 patient Phase II clinical trial of Veronate.
Veronate has been granted Fast Track and Orphan Drug status by
the FDA. Our second product candidate, Aurexis, is currently
being evaluated in a 60 patient Phase II clinical
trial as a first-line therapy, in combination with antibiotics,
to treat serious, life-threatening Staphylococcus aureus,
or S. aureus, bloodstream infections in
hospitalized patients. We recently completed the enrollment
phase of this trial. In addition, we have three preclinical
product candidates that are being developed to prevent and treat
serious infections.
We are a development stage company that has generated
significant losses since our inception in May 1994. We expect to
incur substantial and increasing losses for at least the next
several years as we continue the development of our product
candidates, particularly Veronate and Aurexis, continue our
other research and development activities and establish a
commercial infrastructure. We currently do not have any
commercialization capabilities, and it is possible that we may
never successfully commercialize any of our product candidates.
To date, we have devoted substantially all of our efforts
towards research and development activities related to the
research and development of our product candidates, which are
based on our expertise in MSCRAMM proteins. As of
December 31, 2004 we had an accumulated deficit of
$103.0 million, which includes non-cash expenses of
$16.4 million related to the accrual of cumulative
preferred stock dividends and the accretion to the redemption
value of redeemable convertible preferred stock and $650,000
related to the amortization of deferred stock compensation. We
anticipate that our quarterly and annual results of operations
will fluctuate due to several factors, including progress made
in our research and development efforts, the timing and outcome
of regulatory approvals, if any, and payments made or received
pursuant to existing or future licensing or collaboration
agreements. Therefore, meaningful predictions of our future
operations are difficult to make.
Financial Operations Overview
Revenue. Since our inception, we have not generated any
revenue from the sale of products and do not expect
product-related revenues until we obtain regulatory approval for
and commercialize a product candidate. Currently, our revenues
represent the amortization of an up-front license fee, quarterly
research and development support payments we have received in
connection with a license and collaboration agreement with
Wyeth. If our development efforts result in regulatory approval
and the successful commercialization of any of our product
candidates, we expect the majority of our future revenues will
result from product sales. In addition, in the future we may
generate revenues from up-front or milestone payments in
connection with collaborative or strategic relationships and
royalties resulting from the licensing of our intellectual
property.
40
Research and Development Expense. Research and
development expense consists of the expenses incurred in
discovering, developing, testing and manufacturing our product
candidates. These costs consist primarily of professional fees
paid to third-party service providers in conjunction with
treating patients enrolled in our clinical trials and
monitoring, accumulating and evaluating the related data,
salaries and personnel-related expenses, the cost of raw
materials, contract manufacturing services, supplies used in
clinical trials and research and development activities,
consulting, license and sponsored research fees paid to third
parties, and facilities costs. We charge all research and
development expenses to operations as incurred.
The following table summarizes our research and development
expenses for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and
2004. Direct external costs represent significant expenses paid
to third parties that specifically relate to our product
candidates in clinical development, such as payments to contract
research organizations that monitor, accumulate and analyze data
from our clinical trials, investigators who treat the patients
enrolled in our clinical trials, and the cost of manufacturing
clinical trial material. All remaining research and development
expenses not tracked to a specific clinical product development
program, such as salaries, supplies and other overhead costs,
are included in unallocated costs and overhead. Research and
development spending for past periods is not indicative of
spending in future periods.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(In thousands) | |
Direct external costs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Veronate
|
|
$ |
6,277 |
|
|
$ |
7,620 |
|
|
$ |
8,851 |
|
|
Aurexis
|
|
|
1,472 |
|
|
|
2,586 |
|
|
|
3,120 |
|
Unallocated costs and overhead
|
|
|
7,866 |
|
|
|
8,785 |
|
|
|
10,610 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total research and development expenses
|
|
$ |
15,615 |
|
|
$ |
18,991 |
|
|
$ |
22,581 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We expect our research and development costs to increase in the
future. In the near-term, we expect to expend a greater portion
of our resources on the development of our two most advanced
product candidates, Veronate and Aurexis, than on the
development of our preclinical product candidates due to the
number of patients we expect to enroll in the clinical trials
for these product candidates and the related cost of
manufacturing clinical trial materials. Due to the progress and
timing of clinical trials, such expenditures are likely to be
uneven in future periods. Although we are currently focused
primarily on advancing Veronate through an ongoing
Phase III clinical trial, and Aurexis through Phase I
and Phase II clinical trials, we will make determinations
as to how much funding to direct to these programs on an
on-going basis in response to their scientific, clinical and
regulatory success. From inception through December 31,
2004, we have incurred approximately $75.0 million in
research and development expenses.
The successful development of our product candidates is highly
uncertain. We cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing and
cost of the efforts necessary to complete the development of, or
the period in which material net cash inflows are expected to
commence from, any of our product candidates due to the numerous
risks and uncertainties associated with developing product
candidates, including the uncertainty of:
|
|
|
the scope, rate of progress and cost of our clinical trials and
other research and development programs; |
|
|
future clinical trial results; |
|
|
the terms and timing of any collaborative, licensing and other
arrangements that we may establish; |
|
|
the cost and timing of regulatory approvals; |
|
|
the cost of establishing clinical and commercial supplies of our
product candidates; and |
|
|
the effect of competing technological and market developments. |
41
The failure to complete the development of our product
candidates in a timely manner could have a material adverse
effect on our operations, financial position, and liquidity. A
discussion of the risks and uncertainties associated with
completing our projects on schedule, or at all, and some of the
consequences of failing to do so, are set forth in the
Risk Factors section of this Form 10-K.
General and Administrative Expense. General and
administrative expense consists primarily of salaries and other
related costs for personnel in executive, finance, accounting,
information technology, business development and human resource
functions. Other significant costs include professional fees for
legal, accounting , market research and other consulting
services, as well as insurance premiums. We expect our general
and administrative expenses to increase as we add personnel,
continue to comply with the reporting obligations and
regulations applicable to publicly-held companies and establish
an infrastructure in anticipation of the commercialization of
our product candidates, particularly Veronate. From inception
through December 31, 2004, we have incurred approximately
$16.3 million in general and administrative expenses.
Interest and Other Income (Expense), net. Interest income
consists of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and
short-term investments. Interest expense consists of interest
incurred on capital leases and notes payable. Other income and
expense consists of the proceeds from the sale of excess raw
materials and the gain or loss on the disposal of equipment.
Dividends and Accretion to Redemption Value of
Redeemable Preferred Stock. Until the completion of our IPO,
or initial public offering in June 2004, when all
then-outstanding preferred stock and related dividends were
converted into common stock, we accrued for an 8% cumulative
annual dividend payable on our Series C Redeemable
Convertible Preferred Stock, or Series C, and on our
Series D Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, or
Series D. In addition, since our redeemable preferred stock
had been discounted to reflect the value of attached warrants,
we accreted, or increased, the book value of our redeemable
preferred stock to equal its redemption value by the earliest
redemption date. This accretion had the impact of reducing
stockholders equity and increasing the net loss per share
attributable to common stockholders.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
This discussion and analysis of our current financial condition
and historical results of operations is based on our audited
financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us
to make estimates and judgments with respect to the selection
and application of accounting policies that affect the reported
amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the
disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our
estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions
that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances at the
time, the results of which form the basis for making judgments
about the carrying values of certain assets and liabilities.
Actual future results may differ from these estimates under
different assumptions or conditions.
We believe the following critical accounting policies are
important in understanding our financial statements:
Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue primarily under
licensing and other collaborative research and development
agreements as we perform services or meet contractual
obligations. Accordingly, up-front, non-refundable license fees
under agreements where we have an ongoing research and
development commitment are amortized, on a straight-line basis,
over the term of our ongoing obligations under the agreement.
Revenues received for ongoing research and development
activities under collaborative arrangements are recognized as
the research and development activities are performed pursuant
to the terms of the related agreements. In the event we receive
milestone payments in the future, we will recognize such
payments when all of the terms of such milestone are achieved.
Our revenue recognition policies are in compliance with the
Securities and Exchange Commissions, or SECs, Staff
Accounting Bulletin, or SAB, No. 101, Revenue
Recognition in Financial Statements, and
SAB No. 104, Revenue
42
Recognition, and Financial Accounting Standards Board or
FASBs Emerging Issues Task Force No. 00-21,
Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.
Accrued Expenses. The preparation of our financial
statements requires us to estimate expenses that we believe we
have incurred, but for which we have not yet received invoices
from our vendors. This process involves identifying services and
activities that have been performed by third-party vendors on
our behalf and estimating the level to which they have been
performed and the associated costs incurred for such service as
of each balance sheet date. Examples of expenses for which we
accrue based on estimates include fees for services such as
those provided by certain clinical research and data management
organizations and investigators in conjunction with clinical
trials and fees owed to our contract manufacturers in
conjunction with the manufacture of materials for our clinical
trials.
In connection with these service-related fees, our estimates are
most affected by our understanding of the status and timing of
services provided relative to the actual levels of services
incurred by such service providers. In order to estimate costs
incurred to date, but not yet invoiced, we analyze the progress
of the clinical trial and related activities, invoices received
and budgeted costs when evaluating the adequacy of the accrued
liability for these related costs. The majority of our service
providers invoice us monthly in arrears for services performed
or based upon meeting pre-determined milestones. In the event
that we are not notified of or we do not identify certain costs
that have been incurred, or we underestimate or overestimate the
level or costs of services performed, our reported expenses for
such period might be too low or too high. We must sometimes
estimate the date on which certain services commence and the
level or costs of services performed on or before a given date.
We make these estimates based upon the facts and circumstances
known to us at the time and in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles.
Stock-Based Compensation. We have elected to follow
Accounting Principles Board, or APB, Opinion No. 25,
Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and related
interpretations, in accounting for our stock-based compensation
plans, rather than the alternative fair value accounting method
provided for under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards,
or SFAS, No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation. Accordingly, we have not recorded stock-based
compensation expense related to stock options issued to
employees if the exercise prices of the options are equal to or
greater than the fair value of the underlying common stock on
the date of grant. In the notes to our financial statements we
provide pro forma disclosures in accordance with
SFAS No. 123 and related pronouncements. We continue
to follow this method until July 1, 2005 with the adoption
of FASB Statement No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based
Payment.
Prior to our IPO in June 2004, the determination of the fair
value of our common stock for purposes of stock option grants
involved significant judgment on our part because our shares
were not publicly traded. In determining the fair value of our
common stock from time to time, our board of directors
considered the price at which we sold shares of convertible
preferred stock to investors, comparative values of public
companies discounted for the risk and limited liquidity provided
for in our shares of common stock, prior valuations of our
common stock and the impact of events or milestones that had
occurred since. Upon the completion of our IPO, the
determination of the fair market value of our common stock is
based upon the trading price of our common stock.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
On December 16, 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards
Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004),
Share-Based Payment, which is a revision of SFAS
No. 123, (SFAS 123(R)) supersedes
APB Opinion No. 25, and amends SFAS No. 95,
Statement of Cash Flows. Generally, the approach in
SFAS 123(R) is similar to the approach described in
SFAS 123. However, SFAS 123(R) requires all
share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee
stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on
fair values. Pro forma disclosure is no longer an alternative.
43
SFAS 123(R) must be adopted no later than July 1,
2005. Early adoption will be permitted in periods in which
financial statements have not yet been issued. We expect to
adopt SFAS 123(R) on July 1, 2005. We anticipate that
adoption of this statement could have a material effect on our
results of operations.
Currently we use the Black-Scholes formula to estimate the value
of stock options granted to employees and expect to continue to
use this acceptable option valuation model upon the required
adoption of SFAS 123(R) on July 1, 2005. Because
SFAS 123(R) must be applied not only to new awards but to
previously granted awards that are not fully vested on the
effective date, compensation cost for some previously granted
awards that were not recognized under SFAS 123 will be
recognized under SFAS 123(R). However, had we adopted
SFAS 123(R) in prior periods, the impact of that standard
would have approximated the impact of SFAS 123 as described
in the disclosure of pro forma net loss and net loss per share
in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements.
SFAS 123(R) also requires the benefits of tax deductions in
excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as a
financing cash flow, rather than as an operating cash flow as
required under current literature. This requirement will reduce
net operating cash flows and increase net financing cash flows
in periods after adoption.
Results of Operations
|
|
|
Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2004 and 2003 |
Revenue. Revenue decreased to $650,000 in 2004 from
$1,096,000 in 2003. This decrease of $446,000, or 41%, resulted
from a $146,000 reduction in collaborative research and
development support fees from Wyeth and the receipt of a FDA
grant of $300,000 in 2003. The collaborative research and
development support fees we receive from Wyeth are based on the
number of our employees that support the related program, which
during the second half of 2003, were reduced to the minimum
annual level. We do not expect this amount to decrease any
further in the future, however as product development progresses
Inhibitexs revenue may decline further.
Research and Development Expense. Research and
development expense increased to $22.6 million in 2004 from
$19.0 million in 2003. This increase of $3.6 million,
or 19%, resulted from increases in clinical trials and
manufacturing-related costs, personnel-related salaries and
expenses, and license fees and other expenses associated with
intellectual patents of $2,449,000, $725,000, and $426,000,
respectively. Clinical trial costs increased due to the payments
associated with the completion of enrollment in the Aurexis
Phase II trial, and the ongoing enrollment in the Veronate
Phase III trial. In addition, manufacturing-related costs
increased primarily due to $355,000 of additional purchases of
the raw material and manufacturing expenses related to Veronate,
and $383,000 of process development and manufacturing expenses
related to Aurexis. Personnel-related salaries and expenses
increased due to the hiring of additional personnel required to
support our two ongoing clinical trials, and increased salaries
and relocation expenses. License fees and other expenses
increased partly due to legal fees associated with maintaining
and obtaining intellectual property and patents, and prosecution
and maintenance of patents that had been historically been paid
by a third-party partner for which, as of June 2004, we are
responsible for on an ongoing basis. License fees also increased
due to our in-licensing of additional patent rights related to
one of our MSCRAMM targets.
44
The following table summarizes the components of our research
and development expense for 2004 and 2003.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(In thousands) | |
Clinical and manufacturing related expenses
|
|
$ |
12,295 |
|
|
$ |
9,846 |
|
Personnel-related salaries and expenses
|
|
|
5,308 |
|
|
|
4,583 |
|
License fees and other expenses
|
|
|
3,496 |
|
|
|
3,070 |
|
Depreciation and facility related expenses
|
|
|
1,482 |
|
|
|
1,492 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total research and development expense
|
|
$ |
22,581 |
|
|
$ |
18,991 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General and Administrative Expense. General and
administrative expense decreased to $4.0 million in 2004
from $4.6 million in 2003. This decrease of
$0.6 million, or 13%, resulted primarily from a decrease in
litigation-related legal fees of approximately
$1.1 million, which was offset, in part, by an increase in
personnel-related salaries and expenses of approximately
$225,000 associated with an increase in headcount, an increase
in directors and officers insurance premiums and
directors fees of $121,000 and $68,000, respectively, and
an increase of $186,000 for franchise taxes and general office
expenses related to our initial public offering. Our
directors and officers insurance premiums increased
significantly due to our IPO in June 2004. Directors fees
increased largely due to our adoption of retainers for all
non-officer directors subsequent to our IPO in June 2004.
Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation. Amortization
of deferred stock compensation increased to $473,000 in 2004
from $176,000 in 2003. This increase of $297,000, or 169%, was
primarily the result of amortization related to $938,000 of
deferred stock compensation recorded in 2004, and the full
effect in 2004 of amortization related to $981,000 of deferred
stock compensation that we recorded pursuant to stock options
granted during 2003. Of the amortization expense for 2004,
$259,000 related to employees in general and administrative
positions while $214,000 related to employees engaged in
research and development activities. Of the amortization expense
for 2003, $96,000 related to employees in general and
administrative positions while $80,000 related to employees
engaged in research and development activities.
Interest and Other Income (Expense), net. Interest and
other income (expense), net, increased to $533,000 in 2004 from
$319,000 in 2003. This increase of $213,000, or 67%, was
primarily due to an increase in interest income of $417,000,
which was the result of generally higher average cash balances
and to a lesser extent, higher interest rates, in 2004 as
compared to 2003. This increase in interest and other income was
offset in part by an increase in interest expense of $37,000,
which was principally the result of the $2.5 million we
borrowed in June 2003 under our credit facility; and a decrease
of $167,000 in other income related to the sale of excess plasma
in 2003.
Dividends and Accretion to Redemption Value of
Redeemable Preferred Stock. Dividends on preferred stock and
accretion to redemption value of redeemable preferred stock
decreased to $2.8 million in 2004 from $6.2 million in
2003. This decrease of $3.4 million, or 55%, resulted from
dividends and the accretion to redemption value being recorded
in 2004 only through June 9, 2004, the closing date of our
IPO, when all of the related redeemable preferred stock was
converted to common stock. Dividends and accretion to redemption
value were recorded for all of 2003, during which the related
redeemable preferred stock was outstanding.
|
|
|
Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 |
Revenue. Revenue increased to $1.1 million in 2003
from $900,000 in 2002. This increase of $196,000, or 22%,
resulted from a $300,000 grant received from the FDA in 2003,
offset, in part, by a reduction in quarterly collaborative
research and development support fees of $104,000 from Wyeth.
The FDA grant was a one year grant covering the period
September 30, 2003 through September 29, 2004. The
collaborative research and development support fees from Wyeth
are based on the number of our employees that support the
program, which was reduced in 2003 to the minimum annual level
45
Research and Development Expense. Research and
development expense increased to $19.0 million in 2003 from
$15.6 million in 2002. This increase of $3.4 million,
or 22%, resulted primarily from expenditures related to the
clinical development of our two most advanced product
candidates, Veronate and Aurexis. During 2003, we enrolled
substantially all 512 patients in a Phase II clinical
trial for Veronate and we initiated and completed a
19 patient Phase I clinical trial for Aurexis. During
2002, we initiated and completed a 36 patient Phase I
clinical trial for Veronate. Approximately $2.0 million of
this increase represented direct clinical trial related costs,
including fees paid to third-party vendors that performed
clinical monitoring, data accumulation, statistical analysis and
evaluation for our clinical trials, as well as costs associated
with the manufacture of clinical trial materials. The other
significant factor contributing to the increase in 2003 was
additional license fees of approximately $540,000 paid to
several third parties to secure intellectual property rights
related to the manufacture of Aurexis. The remainder of the
increase was related to a number of items, including an increase
in personnel-related salaries and expenses, sponsored research
payments to support our clinical trials and other research and
development programs, and an increase in facility-related costs.
The following table summarizes the components of our research
and development expenses for 2003 and 2002.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(In thousands) | |
Clinical and manufacturing related expenses
|
|
$ |
9,846 |
|
|
$ |
7,866 |
|
Personnel related expenses
|
|
|
4,583 |
|
|
|
4,403 |
|
License fees and other expenses
|
|
|
3,070 |
|
|
|
2,080 |
|
Depreciation and facility related expenses
|
|
|
1,492 |
|
|
|
1,266 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total research and development expense
|
|
$ |
18,991 |
|
|
$ |
15,615 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General and Administrative Expense. General and
administrative expense increased to $4.6 million in 2003
from $3.3 million in 2002. This increase of
$1.3 million, or 39%, resulted from increased legal fees of
$1.4 million related to the Biosynexus litigation. This
increase was offset, in part, by $305,000 of costs incurred
during 2002 for certain marketing studies that were not
conducted in 2003. The remainder of the increase was primarily
related to increases in personnel-related salaries and expenses,
and the hiring of additional personnel.
Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation. Amortization
of deferred stock compensation increased to $176,000 in 2003
from $0 in 2002. This increase was the result of amortization
related to $981,000 of deferred stock compensation that we
recorded pursuant to stock options granted during the first nine
months of 2003. Of the amortization expense for 2003, $96,000
related to employees in general and administrative positions
while $80,000 related to employees engaged in research and
development activities.
Interest and Other Income (Expense), net. Interest and
other income (expense), net, decreased to $319,000 in 2003 from
$430,000 in 2002. This decrease of $111,000, or 26%, resulted
from a decrease in interest income of $343,000, an increase in
interest expense of $83,000 and an increase in other income of
$315,000 primarily due to the sale of unusable raw materials.
The decrease in interest income was primarily due to reduced
yields on investments resulting from lower interest rates and
lower average cash and cash equivalent balances in 2003.
Dividends and Accretion to Redemption Value of
Redeemable Preferred Stock. Dividends and accretion to
redemption value of redeemable preferred stock increased to
$6.2 million in 2003 from $5.6 million in 2002. This
increase of $600,000, or 11%, resulted from the accrual of
cumulative dividends and the accretion to redemption value
associated with our Series D preferred stock. Our
Series D financing was completed in February 2002.
Accordingly, 2003 reflected the full-year effect of these items.
46
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception in May 1994 through December 31, 2004, we
have funded our operations primarily with $173.2 million in
gross proceeds raised from a series of five private equity
financings, our IPO in June 2004, and a PIPE financing, or
private placement of public equity, in November 2004 as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross Stock Offerings |
|
Year | |
|
Amount | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Series A
|
|
|
1995 |
|
|
$ |
540,000 |
|
Series B
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Round I
|
|
|
1997/1998 |
|
|
|
1,500,012 |
|
|
Round II
|
|
|
1998 |
|
|
|
1,500,000 |
|
Series C
|
|
|
2000 |
|
|
|
15,892,284 |
|
Series D
|
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
44,997,928 |
|
Series E
|
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
20,045,696 |
|
Initial Public Offering
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
|
38,689,000 |
|
PIPE
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
|
50,000,047 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gross proceeds
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
173,164,967 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From inception through December 31, 2004, we have also
borrowed a total of $5.0 million under notes payable, a
credit facility with a commercial bank and capital leases, and
received approximately $5.8 million in license fees,
collaborative research payments and grants, of which
$1.2 million and $1.0 million were recorded as
deferred revenue as of December 31, 2003 and
December 31, 2004, respectively.
At December 31, 2004, cash, cash equivalents and short-term
investments were $87.2 million and we held no investments
with a maturity greater than 12 months. Our cash, cash
equivalents and short-term investments are generally held in a
variety of interest-bearing instruments, consisting of United
States government agency securities, high-grade corporate bonds,
municipal bonds, asset-backed securities, commercial paper and
money market accounts.
For the year ended December 31, 2004, cash and cash
equivalents increased by $44.9 million, from
$26.6 million to $71.6 million. This increase resulted
primarily from net proceeds we received in connection with our
IPO in June 2004 and the PIPE financing in November 2004, offset
in part by cash used for operating activities, capital
expenditures and the repayment of capital lease obligations and
notes payable.
Net cash used in operating activities was $21.5 million in
2004, primarily reflecting a net loss in 2004 of
$25.9 million, which was partially offset by non-cash
charges of $1.5 million and a net increase in current
liabilities over current assets of $2.9 million. Our net
loss was largely the result of funding our ongoing clinical
trials associated with Veronate and Aurexis, research and
development activities, and ongoing general and administrative
expenses. The net increase in current liabilities over current
assets reflected an increase in accounts payable and accrued
liabilities of $3.6 million resulting from an increase in
accounts payable associated with manufacturing-related expenses,
clinical trial expenses, and the development of our new
facilities, and an increase in accrued expenses associated with
clinical trial expenses, manufacturing-related expenses,
personnel-related expenses, and filing expenses related to our
PIPE financing. This was offset by an increase in prepaid
expenses and receivables of $526,000 associated with our
manufacturing agreement with Lonza, and interest receivable from
our short-term investments.
47
We used approximately $15.9 million of cash for investing
activities during 2004, which consisted of net purchases of
short-term investments of $14.3 million and the purchase of
laboratory and computer equipment and software of
$1.6 million.
We received net cash of $82.3 million from financing
activities during 2004, which consisted of $34.0 million in
net proceeds from our IPO; $47.7 million in net proceeds
from our PIPE transaction; an additional $1.7 million we
received from a subscription receivable related to the issuance
of convertible preferred stock and warrants in connection with
our Series E financing at the end of 2003; and $256,000
from the exercise of stock options, offset by payments on our
capital leases and promissory notes for $1.3 million.
Our future funding requirements are difficult to determine and
will depend on a number of factors, including the timing and
costs involved in conducting clinical trials; obtaining
regulatory approvals for our product candidates, if ever; the
number of new product candidates we may advance into clinical
development; future payments received or made under existing or
future license or collaboration agreements; our ability and the
time and cost it takes for us to develop, if ever, a corporate
infrastructure to commercialize our products; the cost of
filing, prosecuting and enforcing patent and other intellectual
property claims; and the need to acquire additional licenses to
or acquire new products or compounds. We may also need
additional funds for possible future strategic acquisitions of
businesses, products or technologies complementary to our
business, although none are currently anticipated.
Based upon our current business and operating plans, we believe
that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term
investments of $87.2 million as of December 31, 2004
will enable us to operate for a period of approximately
21 months. We currently do not have any commitments for
future funding, nor do we anticipate that we will generate
revenue from the sale of any products for a number of years.
Therefore, in order to meet our anticipated liquidity needs
beyond 21 months, we will need to raise additional capital.
We expect to continue to fund our operations primarily through
the sale of additional common stock or other equity securities
and to a lesser extent, strategic collaborations or debt
financing. These funds may not be available to us on acceptable
terms, if at all, and our failure to raise such funds could have
a material adverse impact on our business strategy, plans,
financial condition and results of operations. If adequate funds
are not available to us in the future, we may be required to
delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our
research and development programs, delay or curtail our clinical
trial or commercialization efforts or obtain funds through
collaborative arrangements that may require us to relinquish
rights to certain product candidates that we might otherwise
choose to develop or commercialize independently. Additional
equity financings may be dilutive to holders of our common stock
and debt financing, if available, may involve significant
payment obligations and restrictive covenants that restrict how
we operate our business.
Our material contractual obligations relate primarily to a
credit facility and notes payable, capital leases, facility
leases and certain minimum purchase obligations we have under
third-party supply and manufacturing agreements.
48
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of
December 31, 2004 and the effect such obligations are
expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future
periods.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due by Period | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Less Than | |
|
|
|
More Than | |
Contractual Obligations |
|
Total | |
|
1 Year | |
|
1-3 Years | |
|
4-5 Years | |
|
5 Years | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(In thousands) | |
Short and long-term debt
|
|
$ |
1,363 |
|
|
$ |
877 |
|
|
$ |
486 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Capital lease obligations
|
|
|
636 |
|
|
|
315 |
|
|
|
301 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
Operating lease and equipment obligations
|
|
|
9,868 |
|
|
|
906 |
|
|
|
2,662 |
|
|
|
1,885 |
|
|
|
4,415 |
|
Purchase obligations(1)
|
|
|
6,411 |
|
|
|
5,856 |
|
|
|
555 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total contractual cash obligations
|
|
$ |
18,278 |
|
|
$ |
7,954 |
|
|
$ |
4,004 |
|
|
$ |
1,905 |
|
|
$ |
4,415 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Reflects our minimum purchase obligations, in the form of
termination fees and cancellation penalties, assuming the
related supply and manufacturing agreements are terminated by us
as of the date of this table. If not terminated, our expected
purchase commitments under these agreements would be
approximately $14.2 million in total; $7.3 million for
the period of less than one year, and $6.9 million for the
period 1-3 years, from the date of this table. |
In December 2003, we entered into an agreement to lease a new
facility in Alpharetta, Georgia to be built to our
specifications. We anticipate that we will occupy this new
facility in the second quarter of 2005. Upon the completion of
the facility, we expect that our expense including minimum lease
obligations and the amortization of leasehold improvements paid
by the lessor for this facility will approximate
$1.0 million per annum for the lease term of ten years. We
have not taken possession of or control the physical use of the
property until January, 2005. The table above includes these
estimated operating lease obligations.
The contractual obligations outlined in the table above do not
include several potential future milestone obligations we may be
subject to in the future under a number of our licensing and
collaborative agreements. The aggregate amount of our milestone
obligations is approximately $9.0 million. Our milestone
obligations are primarily due upon either the submission of a
Biologics License Application, or BLA, and/or the marketing
approval of Aurexis. At this time, due to the uncertainties
associated with the clinical development of Aurexis, we cannot
determine when these events may occur, if at all. Further, the
license and collaboration agreements to which these milestone
obligations relate are cancelable by us without further
financial obligations upon not more than 90 days written
notice in the event we choose to terminate any of the license
agreements for any reason.
|
|
ITEM 7A. |
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market
Risk |
Our primary exposure to market risk relates to changes in
interest rates on our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term
investments. The objective of our investment activities is to
preserve principal. To achieve this objective, we invest in
highly liquid and high-quality investment grade debt instruments
of financial institutions, corporations and United States
government securities with a weighted average maturity of no
longer than 12 months. Due to the relatively short-term
nature of these investments, we believe that we are not subject
to any material market risk exposure, and as a result, the
estimated fair value of our cash, cash equivalents and
short-term investments approximates their principal amounts. If
market interest rates were to increase immediately and uniformly
by 10% from levels at December 31, 2004, we estimate that
the fair value of our investment portfolio would decline by an
immaterial amount. We do not have any foreign currency or other
derivative financial instruments and we do not have significant
interest rate risk associated with our debt obligations. We have
the ability to hold any of our fixed income investments until
maturity, and therefore we would not expect our operating
results or cash flows to be affected to any significant degree
by the effect of a change in market interest rates on our
investments.
49
Effects of Inflation
The majority of our assets are monetary, consisting of cash,
cash equivalents and short-term investments. Because of their
liquidity, these assets are not generally directly affected by
inflation. We also believe that we have significant intangible
assets in the value of our technology and product candidates. In
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, we
have not recorded the value of any intellectual property or
intangible assets that we have developed on our balance sheet.
Due to the nature of these intangible assets, we do not believe
they are affected by inflation. Because we intend to retain and
continue to use our equipment, furniture and fixtures and
leasehold improvements, we believe that the incremental
inflation related to replacement costs of such items will not
materially affect our operations. However, the rate of inflation
affects our expenses, such as those for employee compensation
and contract services, which could increase our level of
expenses and the rate at which we use our resources.
|
|
ITEM 8. |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
The Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,
Financial Statements and Selected Quarterly Financial Data are
set forth on pages F-1 to F-30.
|
|
ITEM 9. |
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
There have been no disagreements with our independent
accountants on any matter of accounting principles or practices
or financial statement disclosure.
|
|
ITEM 9A. |
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed
to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the
reports that we file or submit pursuant to the Securities
Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported
within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and
forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated
to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely
decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, under
the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness
of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and
procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Based on the evaluation of these disclosure controls and
procedures, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures
were effective. It should be noted that any system of controls,
however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable,
and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system
are met. In addition, the design of any control system is based
in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future
events. Because of these and other inherent limitations of
control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will
succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future
conditions, regardless of how remote.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial
reporting during the fourth quarter of 2004 that have materially
affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our
internal control over financial reporting
|
|
ITEM 9B. |
OTHER INFORMATION |
None.
50
PART III
|
|
ITEM 10. |
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT |
The information required by this item is incorporated by
reference from our definite proxy statement to be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission no later then April 30,
2005 pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, except for the information included in Item 4A
of this report.
|
|
ITEM 11. |
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
The information required by this item is incorporated by
reference from our definite proxy statement to be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission no later then April 30,
2005 pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934
|
|
ITEM 12. |
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS,
MANAGEMENT, AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
The information required by this item is incorporated by
reference from our definite proxy statement to be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission no later then April 30,
2005 pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934
|
|
ITEM 13. |
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS |
The information required by this item is incorporated by
reference from our definite proxy statement to be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission no later then April 30,
2005 pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934
|
|
ITEM 14. |
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES |
The information required by this item is incorporated by
reference from our definite proxy statement to be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission no later then April 30,
2005 pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934
PART IV
|
|
ITEM 15. |
EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE AND REPORTS ON FORM
8-K |
|
|
(a) |
The following documents are filed as part of this Annual
Report in Form 10-K: |
|
|
|
|
|
Number | |
|
Description |
| |
|
|
|
F-1 |
|
|
Index to Financial Statements |
|
F-2 |
|
|
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
|
F-3 |
|
|
Balance Sheets at December 31, 2003 and 2004 |
|
F-4 |
|
|
Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31,
2002, 2003 and 2004 and for the period from inception
(May 13, 1994) through December 31, 2004 |
|
F-5 |
|
|
Statements of Stockholders (Deficit) Equity for the period
from inception to December 31, 2004, and for the years
ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 |
|
F-7 |
|
|
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31,
2002, 2003 and 2004 and for the period from inception to
December 31, 2004 |
|
F-8 |
|
|
Notes to Financial Statements |
51
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
|
|
|
3 |
.1 |
|
|
|
Eighth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the
Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on March 3, 2004 (the
March 2004 S-1)). |
|
|
3 |
.2 |
|
|
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.5 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
4 |
.1 |
|
|
|
Specimen certificate evidencing the common stock (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Amendment No. 2 to the
Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on May 6, 2004 (
Amendment No. 2)). |
|
|
10 |
.1 |
|
|
|
Amended and Restated 1998 Equity Ownership Plan and related form
of option agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.2 |
|
|
|
2004 Stock Incentive Plan and related form of option agreement
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Amendment
No. 2). |
|
|
10 |
.3 |
|
|
|
2002 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan and related form
of option agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.4 |
|
|
|
2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.4 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.5 |
|
|
|
Form of Warrant to purchase shares of Series B Preferred
Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the
March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.6 |
|
|
|
Form of Warrant to purchase shares of Series D Preferred
Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the
March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.7 |
|
|
|
Form of Amendment to Warrant to purchase shares of Series D
Preferred Stock, dated February 20, 2004 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.7.1 |
|
|
|
Form of Second Amendment to Warrant to purchase shares of
Series D Preferred Stock, dated May 4, 2004
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7.1 of Amendment
No. 2). |
|
|
10 |
.8 |
|
|
|
Form of Warrant to purchase shares of Series E Preferred
Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the
March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.9 |
|
|
|
Form of Amendment to Warrant to purchase shares of Series E
Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9
of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.9.1 |
|
|
|
Form of Second Amendment to Warrant to purchase shares of
Series E Preferred Stock, dated May 4, 2004
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9.1 of Amendment
No. 2). |
|
|
10 |
.10 |
|
|
|
Amended and Restated Master Rights Agreement, dated
December 19, 2003, by and among the registrant and holders
of the registrants capital stock (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.11 |
|
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Master Rights
Agreement dated February 20, 2004 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.11.1 |
|
|
|
Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Master Rights
Agreement dated May 27, 2004 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 16,
2004) |
|
|
10 |
.12 |
|
|
|
Form of Indemnity Agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.12 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.13 |
|
|
|
Employment Agreement, dated as of February 20, 2004, by and
between the registrant and William D. Johnston (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.13 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.14 |
|
|
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of
February 20, 2004, by and between the registrant and Seth
V. Hetherington (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14
of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.15 |
|
|
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of
February 20, 2004, by and between the registrant and Joseph
M. Patti (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of the
March 2004 S-1). |
52
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
.16 |
|
|
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of
February 20, 2004, by and between the registrant and
Russell H. Plumb (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.16 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.17 |
|
|
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of
February 20, 2004, by and between the registrant and David
M. Wonnacott (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of
the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.18 |
|
|
|
License and Development Collaboration Agreement, dated
August 2, 2001, by and between the registrant and American
Home Products Corporation, acting through its Wyeth-Ayerst
Laboratories Division (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.18 of Amendment No. 3 the Registration
Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on May 25, 2004 (Amendment
No. 3). |
|
|
10 |
.19 |
|
|
|
License Agreement, dated February 4, 2000, between the
registrant and The Texas A&M University System (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.19 of Amendment No. 3). |
|
|
10 |
.20 |
|
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to License Agreement, dated April 29,
2002, between the registrant and The Texas A&M University
System (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of
Amendment No. 3). |
|
|
10 |
.21 |
|
|
|
Amendment No. 2 to License Agreement, dated April 29,
2002, between the registrant and The Texas A&M University
System (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 of the
March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.22 |
|
|
|
Exclusive License Agreement, dated April 8, 1999, between
the registrant and Enterprise Ireland, trading as BioResearch
Ireland (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of the
March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.23 |
|
|
|
License Agreement, dated December 23, 2002, between the
registrant and Lonza Biologics PLC (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.23 of Amendment No. 3). |
|
|
10 |
.24 |
|
|
|
Non-Exclusive Cabilly License Agreement, dated June 30,
2003, between the registrant and Genentech, Inc (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.24 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.25 |
|
|
|
Patent License Agreement, dated March 2, 2004, between the
registrant and the National Institutes of Health (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.25 of Amendment No. 3). |
|
|
10 |
.26 |
|
|
|
License Agreement, dated July 1, 2003, between the
registrant and the University of Iowa Research Foundation
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 of Amendment
No. 3). |
|
|
10 |
.27 |
|
|
|
Plasma Supply Agreement, dated October 22, 2002, between
the registrant and DCI Management Group, Inc (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.27 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.28 |
|
|
|
Amendment to Plasma Supply Agreement, dated February 3,
2003, between the registrant and DCI Management Group, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 of the March
2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.29 |
|
|
|
Amendment to Plasma Supply Agreement, dated July 3, 2003,
between the registrant and DCI Management Group, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 of the March
2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.30 |
|
|
|
Production Agreement, dated December 5, 2001, between the
registrant and Nabi (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.30 of Amendment No. 4 the Registration
Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on May 25, 2004). |
|
|
10 |
.31 |
|
|
|
First Amendment to Production Agreement, dated December 5,
2001, between the registrant and Nabi Pharmaceuticals
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 of the March
2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.32 |
|
|
|
Sublease Agreement, dated January 1, 2001, between the
registrant and AtheroGenics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.32 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.33 |
|
|
|
Non-Negotiable Promissory Note, dated January 1, 2002
issued by the registrant to AtheroGenics, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.33 of the March 2004 S-1) |
|
|
10 |
.34 |
|
|
|
Sublease Agreement, dated December 23, 2002, between the
registrant and Lucent Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.34 of the March 2004 S-1) |
53
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
.34.1 |
|
|
|
Lease Agreement, dated March 23, 2004, between the
registrant and Sanctuary Park Realty Holding Company
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34.1 of Amendment
No. 2). |
|
|
10 |
.35 |
|
|
|
Lease Agreement, dated December 31, 2003, between the
registrant and Cousins Properties Incorporated (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.35 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.36 |
|
|
|
Loan and Security Agreement, dated February 11, 2003,
between the registrant and Silicon Valley Bank (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.36 of the March 2004 S-1). |
|
|
10 |
.37 |
|
|
|
Agreement, dated March 14, 2002, between the registrant and
Avid Bioservices, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.31 of Amendment No. 2) |
|
|
10 |
.38 |
|
|
|
Form of Stock and Warrant Purchase Agreements, dated
November 4, 2004, between the registrant and each of the
investors signatory thereto (including Form of Warrant to
Purchase Common Stock issued in connection therewith)
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current
Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on November 10, 2004). |
|
|
10 |
.39 |
|
|
|
Agreement, dated November 5, 2004, between the registrant
and Lonza Biologics PLC (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.39 of Amendment No. 1 to the Registration
Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on January 19, 2005.) |
|
|
10 |
.40 |
|
|
|
Loan agreement, dated December 28, 2004 between the
registrant and Development Authority of Fulton County. |
|
|
23 |
.1 |
|
|
|
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |
|
|
31 |
.1 |
|
|
|
Section 302 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer. |
|
|
31 |
.2 |
|
|
|
Section 302 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer. |
|
|
32 |
.1 |
|
|
|
Section 1350 Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer
and the Chief Financial Officer. |
|
|
|
We have been granted confidential treatment with respect to the
omitted portions of this exhibit and such information has been
filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. |
54
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly
caused this report to be singed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of
Alpharetta, Georgia on this 28th day of March, 2005.
|
|
|
|
By: |
/s/William D.
Johnston, Ph.D.
|
|
|
|
|
|
William D. Johnston, Ph.D. |
|
President and Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Signature |
|
Title |
|
Date |
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ William D.
Johnston, Ph.D.
William
D. Johnston, Ph.D. |
|
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal
Executive Officer) |
|
March 28, 2005 |
|
/s/ Russell H. Plumb
Russell
H. Plumb |
|
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting
Officer) |
|
March 28, 2005 |
|
/s/ Michael A. Henos
Michael
A. Henos |
|
Chairman of the Board of Directors |
|
March 28, 2005 |
|
/s/ M. James
Barrett, Ph.D.
M.
James Barrett, Ph.D. |
|
Director |
|
March 28, 2005 |
|
/s/ Carl E. Brooks
Carl
E. Brooks |
|
Director |
|
March 28, 2005 |
|
/s/ J. Douglas
Eplett, M.D.
J.
Douglas Eplett, M.D. |
|
Director |
|
March 28, 2005 |
|
/s/ Russell M.
Medford, M.D., Ph.D.
Russell
M. Medford, M.D., Ph.D. |
|
Director |
|
March 28, 2005 |
|
/s/ Arda M.
Minocherhomjee, Ph.D.
Arda
M. Minocherhomjee, Ph.D. |
|
Director |
|
March 28, 2005 |
|
/s/ Joseph M. Patti,
M.S.P.H., Ph.D.
Joseph
M. Patti, M.S.P.H., Ph.D. |
|
Director |
|
March 28, 2005 |
|
/s/ Marc L. Preminger
Marc
L. Preminger |
|
Director |
|
March 28, 2005 |
|
/s/ Louis W.
Sullivan, M.D.
Louis
W. Sullivan, M.D. |
|
Director |
|
March 28, 2005 |
55
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
F-2 |
|
|
|
|
F-3 |
|
|
|
|
F-4 |
|
|
|
|
F-5 |
|
|
|
|
F-7 |
|
|
|
|
F-8 |
|
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Inhibitex, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Inhibitex,
Inc. (a Development Stage Company) as of December 31, 2003
and 2004, and the related statements of operations,
stockholders (deficit) equity and cash flows for each
of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004,
and for the period from inception (May 13, 1994) through
December 31, 2004. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Companys management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an
audit of the Companys internal control over financial
reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control
over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not
for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of
the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
Accordingly we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable
basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of Inhibitex, Inc. (a Development Stage Company) at
December 31, 2003 and 2004, and the results of its
operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2004, and for the period from
inception (May 13, 1994) through December 31, 2004, in
conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Atlanta, Georgia
March 24, 2005
F-2
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
Balance Sheets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
ASSETS |
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
26,649,150 |
|
|
$ |
71,580,823 |
|
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
1,498,980 |
|
|
|
15,623,887 |
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
569,667 |
|
|
|
1,082,359 |
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
308,924 |
|
|
|
322,019 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
29,026,721 |
|
|
|
88,609,088 |
|
Property and equipment, net
|
|
|
1,635,544 |
|
|
|
2,629,987 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$ |
30,662,265 |
|
|
$ |
91,239,075 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
AND STOCKHOLDERS (DEFICIT) EQUITY |
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$ |
1,385,972 |
|
|
$ |
3,077,636 |
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
1,700,539 |
|
|
|
3,587,093 |
|
|
Current portion of notes payable
|
|
|
889,523 |
|
|
|
877,239 |
|
|
Current portion of capital lease obligations
|
|
|
330,408 |
|
|
|
315,043 |
|
|
Current portion of deferred revenue
|
|
|
191,667 |
|
|
|
191,667 |
|
|
Other current liabilities
|
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
5,498,109 |
|
|
|
9,048,678 |
|
Long-term liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes payable, net of current portion
|
|
|
1,363,351 |
|
|
|
486,112 |
|
|
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion
|
|
|
431,853 |
|
|
|
321,190 |
|
|
Deferred revenue, net of current portion
|
|
|
987,498 |
|
|
|
837,498 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total long-term liabilities
|
|
|
2,782,702 |
|
|
|
1,644,800 |
|
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, $.001 par value;
37,700,000, and 5,000,0000 shares authorized at
December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively; 24,373,444, and
no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2003 and
2004, respectively; liquidation preference of $101,556,363, and
$0 at December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively
|
|
|
89,542,242 |
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock warrants
|
|
|
6,065,467 |
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders (deficit) equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A convertible preferred stock, $.001 par value;
216,000 and no shares authorized, issued and outstanding at
December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively; liquidation
preference of $251,424 and $0 at December 31, 2003 and
2004, respectively
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $.001 par value; 43,100,000 and
75,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2003 and
2004, respectively; 536,066 and 25,133,327 shares issued
and outstanding at December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively
|
|
|
536 |
|
|
|
25,133 |
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
1,797,798 |
|
|
|
173,188,745 |
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,555,968 |
|
|
Deferred stock compensation
|
|
|
(804,310 |
) |
|
|
(1,269,099 |
) |
|
Deficit accumulated during the development stage
|
|
|
(74,220,495 |
) |
|
|
(102,955,150 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders (deficit) equity
|
|
|
(73,226,255 |
) |
|
|
80,545,597 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and
warrants and stockholders (deficit) equity
|
|
$ |
30,662,265 |
|
|
$ |
91,239,075 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-3
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
Statements of Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inception | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(May 13, 1994) | |
|
|
|
|
through | |
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|
December 31, | |
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(Unaudited) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
License fees and Milestones
|
|
$ |
1,012,500 |
|
|
$ |
150,000 |
|
|
$ |
150,000 |
|
|
$ |
150,000 |
|
|
Collaborative research and development
|
|
|
2,499,455 |
|
|
|
750,000 |
|
|
|
645,833 |
|
|
|
500,000 |
|
|
Grants
|
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue
|
|
|
3,811,955 |
|
|
|
900,000 |
|
|
|
1,095,833 |
|
|
|
650,000 |
|
Operating expense:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
75,039,164 |
|
|
|
15,614,526 |
|
|
|
18,990,954 |
|
|
|
22,580,709 |
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
16,302,578 |
|
|
|
3,327,857 |
|
|
|
4,580,957 |
|
|
|
4,040,266 |
|
|
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
|
|
|
649,524 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
176,235 |
|
|
|
473,289 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expense
|
|
|
91,991,266 |
|
|
|
18,942,383 |
|
|
|
23,748,146 |
|
|
|
27,094,264 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from operations
|
|
|
(88,179,311 |
) |
|
|
(18,042,383 |
) |
|
|
(22,652,313 |
) |
|
|
(26,444,264 |
) |
Other income (expense), net
|
|
|
703,042 |
|
|
|
(44,180 |
) |
|
|
271,306 |
|
|
|
103,684 |
|
Interest income (expense), net
|
|
|
903,182 |
|
|
|
473,840 |
|
|
|
47,986 |
|
|
|
429,085 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
(86,573,087 |
) |
|
|
(17,612,723 |
) |
|
|
(22,333,021 |
) |
|
|
(25,911,495 |
) |
Dividends and accretion to redemption value of redeemable
preferred stock
|
|
|
(16,382,063 |
) |
|
|
(5,625,804 |
) |
|
|
(6,201,116 |
) |
|
|
(2,823,160 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
|
|
$ |
(102,955,150 |
) |
|
$ |
(23,238,527 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,534,137 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,734,655 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders
per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(47.83 |
) |
|
$ |
(54.19 |
) |
|
$ |
(2.52 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares used to compute basic and diluted net
loss attributable to common stockholders per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
485,842 |
|
|
|
526,578 |
|
|
|
11,416,354 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss attributable to common
stockholders per share (unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(2.81 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma weighted average shares used to compute basic and
diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders per share
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,145,137 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-4
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
Statements of Stockholders (Deficit) Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A | |
|
Common Stock | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deficit | |
|
|
|
|
Preferred Stock | |
|
Subscription | |
|
Common Stock | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Additional | |
|
Receivable | |
|
Common | |
|
Deferred |
|
During | |
|
Stockholders | |
|
|
|
|
Par | |
|
|
|
Par | |
|
|
|
Par | |
|
Paid-In | |
|
for Purchase | |
|
Stock | |
|
Stock |
|
Development | |
|
(Deficit) | |
|
|
Shares | |
|
Value | |
|
Shares | |
|
Value | |
|
Shares | |
|
Value | |
|
Capital | |
|
of Stock | |
|
Warrants | |
|
Compensation |
|
Stage | |
|
Equity | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
Balance at inception (May 13, 1994)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Issuance of subscriptions for common stock to founders at
$.005 per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
44,258 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
483 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
527 |
|
Issuance of common stock at $1.00 per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
42,017 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
99,958 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,000 |
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(54,088 |
) |
|
|
(54,088 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 1994
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
44,258 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
42,017 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
100,441 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(54,088 |
) |
|
|
46,439 |
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(266,491 |
) |
|
|
(266,491 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 1995
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
44,258 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
42,017 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
100,441 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(320,579 |
) |
|
|
(220,052 |
) |
Issuance of Series A Preferred Stock at $2.50 per
share, net of related costs of $18,641
|
|
|
216,000 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
521,143 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
521,359 |
|
Issuance of subscribed common stock at $.005 per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(44,258 |
) |
|
|
(44 |
) |
|
|
44,258 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(248,510 |
) |
|
|
(248,510 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 1996
|
|
|
216,000 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
86,275 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
621,584 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(569,089 |
) |
|
|
52,797 |
|
Issuance of common stock at $.05 per share, net of
receivable from shareholder
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
129,960 |
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
15,335 |
|
|
|
(3,867 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,598 |
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(508,304 |
) |
|
|
(508,304 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 1997
|
|
|
216,000 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
216,235 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
636,919 |
|
|
|
(3,867 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,077,393 |
) |
|
|
(443,909 |
) |
Issuance of common stock at $.05 and $.075 per share, net
of receivable from shareholder
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
191,358 |
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
26,599 |
|
|
|
(24,828 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,962 |
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,725,290 |
) |
|
|
(1,725,290 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 1998
|
|
|
216,000 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
407,593 |
|
|
|
407 |
|
|
|
663,518 |
|
|
|
(28,695 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,802,683 |
) |
|
|
(2,167,237 |
) |
Issuance of common stock at $.10 per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,787 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
423 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
425 |
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,343,509 |
) |
|
|
(3,343,509 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 1999
|
|
|
216,000 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
409,380 |
|
|
|
409 |
|
|
|
663,941 |
|
|
|
(28,695 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6,146,192 |
) |
|
|
(5,510,321 |
) |
Forgiveness of receivable from shareholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,695 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,695 |
|
Issuance of warrant for the purchase of common stock at
$.06 per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
75 |
|
Exercise of stock Options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,199 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
2,240 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,248 |
|
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
99,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
99,500 |
|
Preferred stock Dividends
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(460,600 |
) |
|
|
(460,600 |
) |
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6,463,315 |
) |
|
|
(6,463,315 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-5
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
Statements of Stockholders (Deficit)
Equity (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A | |
|
Common Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred Stock | |
|
Subscription |
|
Common Stock | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
Additional | |
|
Receivable |
|
|
|
|
Par | |
|
|
|
Par |
|
|
|
Par | |
|
Paid-In | |
|
for Purchase |
|
|
Shares | |
|
Value | |
|
Shares | |
|
Value |
|
Shares | |
|
Value | |
|
Capital | |
|
of Stock |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2000
|
|
|
216,000 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
417,579 |
|
|
|
417 |
|
|
|
765,756 |
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of warrant for the purchase of common stock at
$.23 per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,450 |
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise of stock Options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48,181 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
12,426 |
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock Dividends
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2001
|
|
|
216,000 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
465,760 |
|
|
|
465 |
|
|
|
781,632 |
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise of stock Options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47,438 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
18,258 |
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock Dividends
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accretion of Series D Preferred Stock to redemption value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2002
|
|
|
216,000 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
513,198 |
|
|
|
513 |
|
|
|
799,890 |
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise of stock Options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,868 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
17,363 |
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock Dividends
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accretion of Series D and E Preferred Stock to redemption
value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred stock Compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
980,545 |
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2003
|
|
|
216,000 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
536,066 |
|
|
|
536 |
|
|
|
1,797,798 |
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise of stock options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
309,965 |
|
|
|
310 |
|
|
|
255,657 |
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock dividends and accretion to redemption value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred stock compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
938,078 |
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conversion of preferred stock to common including dividends
|
|
|
(216,000 |
) |
|
|
(216 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,936,438 |
|
|
|
11,936 |
|
|
|
93,871,724 |
|
|
|
|
|
Initial Public Offering of common stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,527,000 |
|
|
|
5,527 |
|
|
|
33,951,407 |
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise of warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,488 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
207,593 |
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock Warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PIPE Financing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,777,370 |
|
|
|
6,777 |
|
|
|
42,166,488 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
25,133,327 |
|
|
$ |
25,133 |
|
|
$ |
173,188,745 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Additional columns below]
[Continued from above table, first column(s) repeated]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deficit | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated | |
|
Total | |
|
|
Common | |
|
Deferred | |
|
During | |
|
Stockholders | |
|
|
Stock | |
|
Stock | |
|
Development | |
|
(Deficit) | |
|
|
Warrants | |
|
Compensation | |
|
Stage | |
|
Equity | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Balance at December 31, 2000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(13,070,107 |
) |
|
|
(12,303,718 |
) |
Issuance of warrant for the purchase of common stock at
$.23 per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,450 |
|
Exercise of stock Options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,474 |
|
Preferred stock Dividends
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,271,383 |
) |
|
|
(1,271,383 |
) |
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8,106,341 |
) |
|
|
(8,106,341 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(22,447,831 |
) |
|
|
(21,665,518 |
) |
Exercise of stock Options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,306 |
|
Preferred stock Dividends
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,461,328 |
) |
|
|
(4,461,328 |
) |
Accretion of Series D Preferred Stock to redemption value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,164,476 |
) |
|
|
(1,164,476 |
) |
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(17,612,723 |
) |
|
|
(17,612,723 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(45,686,358 |
) |
|
|
(44,885,739 |
) |
Exercise of stock Options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,386 |
|
Preferred stock Dividends
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,871,217 |
) |
|
|
(4,871,217 |
) |
Accretion of Series D and E Preferred Stock to redemption
value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,329,899 |
) |
|
|
(1,329,899 |
) |
Deferred stock Compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(980,545 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
176,235 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
176,235 |
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(22,333,021 |
) |
|
|
(22,333,021 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(804,310 |
) |
|
|
(74,220,495 |
) |
|
|
(73,226,255 |
) |
Exercise of stock options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
255,967 |
|
Preferred stock dividends and accretion to redemption value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,823,160 |
) |
|
|
(2,823,160 |
) |
Deferred stock compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(938,078 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
473,289 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
473,289 |
|
Conversion of preferred stock to common including dividends
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
93,883,444 |
|
Initial Public Offering of common stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,956,934 |
|
Exercise of warrants
|
|
|
(47,927 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
159,713 |
|
Common Stock Warrants
|
|
|
6,113,749 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,113,749 |
|
PIPE Financing
|
|
|
5,490,146 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47,663,411 |
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(25,911,495 |
) |
|
|
(25,911,495 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2004
|
|
$ |
11,555,968 |
|
|
$ |
(1,269,099 |
) |
|
$ |
(102,955,150 |
) |
|
$ |
80,545,597 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-6
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
Statements of Cash Flows
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inception | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(May 13, 1994) | |
|
|
|
|
Through | |
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|
December 31, | |
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Cash flows from operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$ |
(86,573,087 |
) |
|
$ |
(17,612,723 |
) |
|
$ |
(22,333,021 |
) |
|
$ |
(25,911,495 |
) |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating
activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
3,465,054 |
|
|
|
772,139 |
|
|
|
768,245 |
|
|
|
820,298 |
|
|
|
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
|
|
|
649,524 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
176,235 |
|
|
|
473,289 |
|
|
|
Loss on sale of equipment
|
|
|
48,134 |
|
|
|
48,134 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of investment premium
|
|
|
200,661 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,249 |
|
|
|
155,412 |
|
|
|
Forgiveness of receivables from stockholders
|
|
|
28,695 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of warrants and discount on debt
|
|
|
176,477 |
|
|
|
4,153 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53,685 |
|
|
|
Stock issued for interest
|
|
|
126,886 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,310 |
|
|
|
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
|
|
|
99,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other assets
|
|
|
(1,082,359 |
) |
|
|
(344,888 |
) |
|
|
(128,304 |
) |
|
|
(512,692 |
) |
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
(322,019 |
) |
|
|
(26,174 |
) |
|
|
(273,110 |
) |
|
|
(13,095 |
) |
|
|
|
Accounts payable and other current liabilities
|
|
|
4,077,636 |
|
|
|
248,573 |
|
|
|
667,374 |
|
|
|
1,691,664 |
|
|
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
3,587,093 |
|
|
|
1,390,736 |
|
|
|
(320,265 |
) |
|
|
1,886,554 |
|
|
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
1,029,165 |
|
|
|
(379,169 |
) |
|
|
(170,831 |
) |
|
|
(150,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
(74,488,640 |
) |
|
|
(15,899,219 |
) |
|
|
(21,568,428 |
) |
|
|
(21,504,070 |
) |
Cash flows from investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of property and equipment
|
|
|
(4,185,336 |
) |
|
|
(264,034 |
) |
|
|
(176,208 |
) |
|
|
(1,573,977 |
) |
|
Purchases of short-term investments
|
|
|
(47,444,232 |
) |
|
|
(1,000,310 |
) |
|
|
(15,551,099 |
) |
|
|
(30,892,823 |
) |
|
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments
|
|
|
31,607,180 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,007,180 |
|
|
|
16,600,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(20,022,388 |
) |
|
|
(1,264,344 |
) |
|
|
(720,127 |
) |
|
|
(15,866,800 |
) |
Cash flows from financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from promissory notes and related warrants
|
|
|
3,013,492 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments on promissory notes and capital leases
|
|
|
(2,971,747 |
) |
|
|
(347,609 |
) |
|
|
(710,292 |
) |
|
|
(1,256,315 |
) |
|
Proceeds from bridge loan and related warrants
|
|
|
2,220,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net proceeds from the issuance of preferred stock and warrants
|
|
|
81,788,868 |
|
|
|
44,746,579 |
|
|
|
18,472,533 |
|
|
|
1,682,546 |
|
|
Proceeds from the issuance of common Stock
|
|
|
82,041,238 |
|
|
|
18,306 |
|
|
|
17,386 |
|
|
|
81,876,312 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
|
|
|
166,091,851 |
|
|
|
44,417,276 |
|
|
|
20,279,627 |
|
|
|
82,302,543 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
71,580,823 |
|
|
|
27,253,713 |
|
|
|
(2,008,928 |
) |
|
|
44,931,673 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,404,365 |
|
|
|
28,658,078 |
|
|
|
26,649,150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of Period
|
|
$ |
71,580,823 |
|
|
$ |
28,658,078 |
|
|
$ |
26,649,150 |
|
|
$ |
71,580,823 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental cash flow information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid
|
|
$ |
781,341 |
|
|
$ |
86,227 |
|
|
$ |
163,149 |
|
|
$ |
198,164 |
|
Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed assets capitalized using promissory notes and capital
leases
|
|
|
1,957,839 |
|
|
|
251,379 |
|
|
|
420,665 |
|
|
|
240,764 |
|
Conversion of bridge loans and interest payable into
Series C Preferred Stock
|
|
|
2,124,576 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock dividends and accretion of preferred stock to
redemption value
|
|
|
16,382,063 |
|
|
|
5,625,804 |
|
|
|
6,201,116 |
|
|
|
2,823,160 |
|
F-7
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Inhibitex, Inc. (Inhibitex or the
Company) was incorporated in the state of Delaware
in May 1994. Inhibitex is a biopharmaceutical company committed
to the discovery, development and commercialization of novel
antibody-based products for the prevention and treatment of
serious bacterial and fungal infections. The Companys
primary activities since incorporation have been establishing
its offices, recruiting personnel, conducting research,
conducting pre-clinical and clinical trials, performing business
and financial planning, and raising capital. Accordingly, the
Company is considered to be in the development stage for
financial reporting purposes.
The Company has incurred operating losses since inception and
expects such losses to continue for the foreseeable future.
These losses have largely been the result of research and
development expenses related to Veronate, the Companys
lead product candidate, and to a lesser extent, Aurexis, its
second product candidate. Veronate is being developed to prevent
hospital-associated infections in very low birth weight infants.
Aurexis is being developed to treat, in combination with
antibiotics, serious, life-threatening Staphylococcus aureus
(S. aureus) infections in hospitalized patients. Both
Veronate and Aurexis are currently being evaluated in clinical
trials. The Company plans to continue to finance its operations
with equity and/or other financings or proceeds from potential
future partnerships. The Companys ability to continue its
operations is dependent, in the near term, upon the successful
execution of such financings and ultimately upon achieving
profitable operations. There can be no assurance that funds will
be available on terms acceptable to the Company or that the
Company will become profitable.
|
|
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements
in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
as of the date of the financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.
Actual results could differ from those estimated.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments. Cash
equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments
with original maturities of 90 days or less when purchased.
Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates their
fair market value. Investments with original maturities beyond
90 days when purchased are considered to be short-term
investments. These investments are accounted for in accordance
with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
(SFAS) No. 115, Accounting for Certain
Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
(SFAS 115). The Company is required to
maintain a cash balance equal to two times the loan balance on
deposit with a lender pursuant to a loan and security agreement
as discussed in Note 7.
The Company has classified its entire investment portfolio as
available-for-sale. These securities are recorded as either cash
equivalents or short-term investments. Short-term investments
are carried at estimated fair value based upon quoted market
prices with unrealized gains and losses, if any, reported in
other comprehensive income. The amortized cost of debt
securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and
accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization and
accretion are included in interest and other income (expense),
net. Realized gains and losses are included in interest and
other income (expense), net. The cost basis of all securities
sold is based on the specific identification method.
Available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2004, and
2003 consisted of commercial paper, agency obligations,
corporate bonds, and money-market funds.
F-8
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Property and Equipment, Net. Property and equipment are
recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method
over the following estimated useful lives of the related assets:
|
|
|
Asset |
|
Estimated Life |
|
|
|
Computer software and equipment
|
|
3 years |
Furniture and fixtures
|
|
7 years |
Laboratory equipment
|
|
5 years |
Leasehold improvements
|
|
Lesser of estimated useful life or life of lease |
The Company also capitalizes costs related to computer software
developed for internal use in accordance with Statement of
Position 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software
Developed or Obtained for Internal Use. When assets are
retired or sold, the assets and accumulated depreciation are
removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss is
recognized in interest and other income (expense), net.
Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense
as incurred.
Revenue Recognition. To date, the Company has not
generated any revenues from the sale of products. Revenues
relate to fees recovered for licensed technology, collaborative
research and development agreements and a grant awarded to the
Company by the FDAs Office of Orphan Products Development.
The Company follows the revenue recognition criteria outlined in
Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 101,
Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements
(SAB No. 101) as amended by SAB 104
Revenue Recognition, and Emerging Issues Task Force
(EITF) Issue 00-21, Revenue Arrangements
with Multiple Deliverables (EITF
Issue 00-21). Accordingly, up-front, non-refundable
license fees under agreements where the Company has an ongoing
research and development commitment are amortized, on a
straight-line basis, over the term of such commitment. Revenues
received for ongoing research and development activities under
collaborative arrangements are recognized as these activities
are performed pursuant to the terms of the related agreements
(see Note 12). Any amounts received in advance of
performance are recorded as deferred revenue until earned.
Revenue related to grant awards is recognized as related
research and development expenses are incurred.
Accrued Expenses. As part of the process of preparing its
financial statements, management is required to estimate
expenses that the Company has incurred but for which it has not
been invoiced. This process involves identifying services that
have been performed on the Companys behalf and estimating
the level of services performed by third parties and the
associated cost incurred for such services as of each balance
sheet date. Examples of expenses for which the Company accrues
based on estimates include fees for services, such as those
provided by clinical research and data management organizations,
investigators and fees owed to contract manufacturers in
conjunction with the manufacture of clinical trial materials. In
connection with such service fees, these estimates are most
affected by managements understanding of the status and
timing of services provided relative to the actual levels of
services incurred by such service providers. The majority of the
Companys service providers invoice the Company monthly in
arrears for services performed. Management makes these estimates
based upon the facts and circumstances known to it at the time
and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets. Prepaid
expenses and other current assets consist primarily of license
payments, insurance premiums and payments to clinical research
organizations that the Company has made in advance.
Stock-based Compensation. The Company accounts for
employee stock options using the intrinsic-value method in
accordance with Accounting Principles Board (APB)
Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees
(APB No. 25), and Financial Accounting
Standards Board Interpretation (FIN) No. 44
(FIN 44), Accounting for Certain
Transactions Involving Stock Compensation, an Interpretation
F-9
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
of APB No. 25, and Related Interpretations and has
adopted the disclosure only provisions of
SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation (SFAS No. 123). The
Company accounts for equity instruments issued to non-employees
in accordance with the provisions of the SFAS No. 123,
EITF Issue No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments
that are Issued to Other than Employees for Acquiring, or in
Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services. In December
2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued
SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation Transition and Disclosure
(SFAS No. 148). SFAS No. 148
amends SFAS No. 123 to provide alternative methods of
transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method
of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In
addition, SFAS No. 148 amends the disclosure
requirements of SFAS No. 123 and APB No. 28,
Interim Financial Reporting, to require disclosure in the
summary of significant accounting policies of the effects of an
entitys accounting policy with respect to employee stock
compensation on reported net loss. The Company has adopted the
disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 148.
Under APB No. 25, if the exercise price of the
Companys employee and director stock options equals or
exceeds the estimated fair value of the underlying stock on the
date of grant, no compensation expense is recognized. In the
event that stock options are granted with an exercise price
below the estimated fair value of the Companys common
stock on the date of such grant, APB No. 25 requires that
the difference between the estimated fair value and the exercise
price be recorded as deferred compensation and amortized over
the related vesting period. No stock compensation expense is
reflected in the Companys reported net loss in any period
prior to December 31, 2002 as all options granted had an
exercise price equal to the fair value of the underlying common
stock on the date of grant.
The Company recorded deferred stock compensation of $980,545 and
$938,078 for the year ended December 31, 2003 and 2004,
respectively, which represents the difference between the
exercise price per share and the fair value at the respective
grant dates for options granted in 2003 and 2004. Deferred stock
compensation is recognized and amortized on a straight-line
basis over the vesting period of the related options, which for
employees is generally four years. The amortization of deferred
stock compensation related to stock options granted to the
Companys employees and directors was $176,235 and $473,289
for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004,
respectively. The expected future amortization of deferred stock
compensation related to the options granted in 2003 and 2004 is
$496,755, $473,637, $262,762 and $35,945 for the years ended
December 31, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
The option valuation models used to value options under
SFAS No. 123 were developed for use in estimating the
fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions
and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models
require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including
the expected volatility. Because the Companys employee
stock options have characteristics significantly different from
those of traded options and because changes in the subjective
input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate,
in the Companys opinion, the existing models do not
necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value
of its employee stock options.
F-10
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
As a result, the Company has elected to continue to follow the
intrinsic value method of accounting as prescribed by APB
No. 25. The information regarding net loss as required by
SFAS No. 123 has been determined as if the Company had
accounted for its stock-based compensation under the fair value
method of that Statement. The following table illustrates the
effect on net loss attributable to common stockholders and basic
and diluted net loss per share attributable to common
stockholders had the Company applied the fair value provisions
of SFAS No. 123 to employee stock-based compensation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders as
reported
|
|
$ |
(23,238,527 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,534,137 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,734,655 |
) |
Add: Amortization of deferred stock compensation included in net
loss as reported
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
176,235 |
|
|
|
473,289 |
|
Deduct: Stock compensation expense determined under fair value
method
|
|
|
(45,046 |
) |
|
|
(412,845 |
) |
|
|
(1,055,539 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders pro
forma
|
|
$ |
(23,283,573 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,770,747 |
) |
|
$ |
(29,316,905 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders per share (basic
and diluted):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As reported
|
|
$ |
(47.83 |
) |
|
$ |
(54.19 |
) |
|
$ |
(2.52 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma
|
|
$ |
(47.92 |
) |
|
$ |
(54.64 |
) |
|
$ |
(2.57 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The fair value of each stock option was estimated at the date of
grant using the minimum value method through 2003 and the
Black-Scholes method in 2004 with the following assumptions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
|
4.01 |
% |
|
|
3.05 |
% |
|
|
3.23 |
% |
Expected life
|
|
|
4 years |
|
|
|
4 years |
|
|
|
4 years |
|
Weighted average fair value of options granted
|
|
$ |
0.12 |
|
|
$ |
1.52 |
|
|
$ |
2.08 |
|
Volatility
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.43 |
|
For purposes of pro forma disclosure, the estimated fair value
of the options is amortized to expense over the vesting period
of the related options.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The carrying amounts
of the Companys financial instruments, which include cash,
cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts payable,
accrued expenses, and capital lease and debt obligations,
approximate their fair values.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Limited Suppliers. Cash
and cash equivalents consist of financial instruments that
potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk
to the extent recorded on the balance sheets. The Company
believes that it has established guidelines for investment of
its excess cash that maintains principal and liquidity through
its policies on diversification and investment maturity.
The Company relies on certain materials used in its development
process that are procured from a single source supplier as well
as certain third-party contract manufacturers that make its
product candidates. The failure of its supplier or a contract
manufacturer to deliver on schedule, or at all, could delay or
interrupt the development process and adversely affect the
Companys operating results.
F-11
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Research and Development Expense. Research and
development expense primarily consists of costs incurred in the
discovery, development, and manufacturing of the Companys
product candidates. These expenses consist primarily of
(i) fees paid to third-party service providers to monitor
and accumulate data related to the Companys clinical
trials, (ii) costs related to obtaining patents and license
and research agreements, (iii) the costs to procure and
manufacture materials used in clinical trials, and
(iv) salaries and related expenses for personnel. These
costs are charged to expense as incurred.
Income Taxes. The Company utilizes the liability method
of accounting for income taxes as required by
SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes
(SFAS No. 109). Under this method,
deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the
differences between the financial reporting and tax reporting
bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the
enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect
when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation
allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of net
deferred tax assets to an amount the Company expects to realize
in the future based upon the available evidence at the time.
Reclassifications. Certain reclassifications have been
made to prior period amounts to conform to the current year
presentation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements. On December 16,
2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004),
Share-Based Payment, which is a revision of SFAS
No. 123. SFAS No. 123(R) supersedes
APB Opinion No. 25, and amends SFAS No. 95,
Statement of Cash Flows. Generally, the approach in
SFAS 123(R) is similar to the approach described in
Statement 123. However, SFAS 123(R) requires all
share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee
stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on
their fair values. Pro forma disclosure is no longer an
alternative.
SFAS 123(R) must be adopted no later than July 1,
2005. Early adoption will be permitted in periods in which
financial statements have not yet been issued. We expect to
adopt SFAS 123(R) on July 1, 2005. We anticipate
adoption of this statement on July 1, 2005 could have a
material effect on our results of operations.
Currently, the Company uses the Black-Scholes formula to
estimate the value of stock options granted to employees and
expects to continue to use this acceptable option valuation
model upon the required adoption of SFAS 123(R) on
July 1, 2005. Because SFAS 123(R) must be applied not
only to new awards but to previously granted awards that are not
fully vested on the effective date, and because the company
adopted SFAS 123 using the prospective transition method
(which applied only to awards granted, modified or settled after
the adoption date), compensation cost for some previously
granted awards that were not recognized under SFAS 123 will
be recognized under SFAS 123(R). However, had we adopted
SFAS 123(R) in prior periods, the impact of that standard
would have approximated the impact of SFAS 123 as described
in the disclosure of pro forma net income and earnings per share
in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements.
SFAS 123(R) also requires the benefits of tax deductions in
excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as a
financing cash flow, rather than as an operating cash flow as
required under current literature. This requirement will reduce
net operating cash flows and increase net financing cash flows
in periods after adoption.
The Company calculates net loss per share in accordance with
SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share
(SFAS No. 128) and SEC Staff
Accounting Bulletin No. 98
(SAB No. 98). Under the provisions of
SFAS No. 128 and SAB No. 98, basic net loss
per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to
common stockholders for the period by the weighted average
number of common shares outstanding for
F-12
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
the period. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common
stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable
to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common
shares and dilutive common stock equivalents then outstanding.
Common stock equivalents consist of common shares issuable upon
the conversion of preferred stock and upon the exercise of stock
options, and the conversion of preferred stock upon the exercise
of warrants. Dilutive earnings per share is the same as basic
earnings per share since common stock equivalents are excluded
from the calculation, due to their effect being anti-dilutive.
The unaudited pro forma net loss per share attributable to
common stockholders and the shares used to compute basic and
diluted pro forma net loss per share attributable to common
stockholders are calculated assuming all of the Companys
outstanding preferred stock was converted into common stock as
of its date of issuance and the conversion of all cumulative
preferred stock dividends as of the date they were accrued. This
calculation excludes the assumed issuance of shares of common
stock subject to the mandatory cashless exercise of warrants
that were outstanding at December 31, 2003 and
December 31, 2004.
The following table sets forth the computation of historical and
pro forma basic and diluted net loss attributable to common
stockholders per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Historical
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
|
|
$ |
(23,238,527 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,534,137 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,734,655 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding
|
|
|
485,842 |
|
|
|
526,578 |
|
|
|
11,416,354 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common
stockholders
|
|
$ |
(47.83 |
) |
|
$ |
(54.19 |
) |
|
$ |
(2.52 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(28,534,137 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to
common stockholders (unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(2.81 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares used above
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
526,578 |
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma adjustment to reflect assumed weighted average effect
of conversion of preferred stock and cumulative preferred stock
dividends (unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,618,559 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares used to compute pro forma basic and diluted net loss per
share (unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,145,137 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-13
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table outlines potentially dilutive common stock
equivalents outstanding that are not included in the above
historical calculations as the effect of their inclusion was
anti-dilutive.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Redeemable convertible preferred stock and related dividends
|
|
|
8,886,205 |
|
|
|
11,595,232 |
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock options
|
|
|
1,085,764 |
|
|
|
1,338,452 |
|
|
|
1,283,106 |
|
Warrants
|
|
|
1,310,292 |
|
|
|
1,838,118 |
|
|
|
3,838,588 |
|
Convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
90,758 |
|
|
|
90,758 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
11,373,019 |
|
|
|
14,862,560 |
|
|
|
5,121,694 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. |
Property and Equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Laboratory equipment
|
|
$ |
1,948,952 |
|
|
$ |
2,315,142 |
|
Leasehold improvements
|
|
|
994,617 |
|
|
|
1,816,694 |
|
Computer software and equipment
|
|
|
735,563 |
|
|
|
1,362,037 |
|
Office furniture and fixtures
|
|
|
198,570 |
|
|
|
198,570 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,877,702 |
|
|
|
5,692,443 |
|
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(2,242,158 |
) |
|
|
(3,062,456 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total property and equipment, net
|
|
$ |
1,635,544 |
|
|
$ |
2,629,987 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Included in the property and equipment are assets recorded under
capital leases with an accumulated cost of approximately
$1,158,000, and $1,383,000 at December 31, 2003 and 2004,
respectively. Amortization of the assets recorded under capital
leases is included in depreciation expense. The accumulated
amortization related to these assets under capital leases was
approximately $421,000, and $737,000 at December 31, 2003
and 2004. Depreciation expense was approximately $772,000,
$768,000, and $821,000 for the years ended December 31,
2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively.
The components of accrued expenses are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Clinical development expenses
|
|
$ |
476,456 |
|
|
$ |
1,674,259 |
|
Payroll and related expenses
|
|
|
481,495 |
|
|
|
699,902 |
|
Manufacturing expenses
|
|
|
83,750 |
|
|
|
295,533 |
|
Professional fees
|
|
|
236,746 |
|
|
|
414,331 |
|
Other operating expenses
|
|
|
222,092 |
|
|
|
286,394 |
|
License fees
|
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
|
216,674 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,700,539 |
|
|
$ |
3,587,093 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-14
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
6. |
Commitments and Contingencies |
Lease Commitments. The Company leases laboratory and
office facilities in Alpharetta, Georgia under two operating
leases, one of which is with a related party. The Company also
leases office equipment under various non-cancelable operating
leases. Future minimum lease payments under operating leases
primarily relate to the laboratory and office facility leases.
One of the these leases includes annual rent increases based
upon increases in the Consumer Price Index, which are considered
to be contingent rentals and are charged to expense when
incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003
and 2004, rent expense totaled approximately $270,000, $421,000
and $520,000, respectively.
Future minimum payments under these operating leases at
December 31, 2004 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ending December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
$ |
895,079 |
|
2006 to 2009
|
|
|
2,658,628 |
|
2010 to 2011
|
|
|
1,885,055 |
|
2012 and after
|
|
|
4,415,185 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total minimum lease payments
|
|
$ |
9,853,947 |
|
|
|
|
|
In December 2003, the Company entered into an agreement to lease
a new 51,000 square foot research and office facility to be
built to its specifications. Under this agreement, the Company
had a right to terminate the lease without any further
obligation by March 31, 2004. The Company did not exercise
this right, and expects to occupy this new facility upon its
completion, which is anticipated to occur in the second quarter
of 2005. The Company is not obligated to make rent payments
related to this facility, and has not taken possession of or
controls the physical use of the property until January, 2005.
The Company estimates that these expenses including minimum rent
payments and the amortization of leasehold improvements paid by
the lessor will approximate $1.0 million per year on
average under this lease. In conjunction with this agreement the
Company issued 21,009 common stock warrants at a price of $9.38
to the lessor. The table includes these estimated minimum
payments under this operating lease as they are an obligation of
the Company at December 31, 2004.
Purchase Commitments. In December 2001, the Company
entered into a ten-year contract manufacturing agreement for
Veronate with Nabi Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nabi).
Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the Company is obligated
to pay Nabi on a per batch basis. The Company is required to
provide Nabi with a three-year rolling forecast that outlines
the number of batches it desires to be manufactured in each of
the next three years. As of December 31, 2004, the
Companys purchase commitments under this agreement through
December 31, 2008 were approximately $5.2 million.
However, if the Company cancels or postpones the production of
one or more lots of Veronate in accordance with the terms of
this agreement, certain cancellation penalties would instead
apply, which could be substantially less than the minimum
purchase commitments, depending on the length of the notice
provided to Nabi. The amount of the cancellation penalty payable
per batch ranges from $25,000 per batch if Inhibitex
provides notice of cancellation more than twelve months in
advance, up to $425,000 per batch if notice of cancellation
is provided less than 90 days in advance of the scheduled
production date of the related batch. Specific prices per batch
were established at the time of the agreement and are subject to
increases based upon increases in certain cost of living
indexes. The agreement may be terminated by either party in the
event of a default by the other party, or upon mutual agreement.
In October 2002, Inhibitex entered into a ten-year plasma supply
agreement with a supplier. Inhibitex is required to purchase a
certain number of liters of plasma per year that shall be agreed
upon by both
F-15
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
parties no later than 90 days prior to the beginning of
such calendar year. The Company is generally obligated to
purchase 90% of the agreed upon quantity in any given year.
A price per liter was established at the time of the agreement
and is subject to increases based upon increases in certain cost
of living indexes and other adjustments. The agreement may be
terminated by either party only in the event of a default by the
other party, by the Company upon 30 days written notice if
the clinical development of Veronate is halted or terminated, or
upon mutual agreement. In the event that the supply agreement is
terminated, Inhibitex is obligated to purchase the amount of
plasma that the supplier had collected on Inhibitexs
behalf, but had not yet shipped, as of the date of termination.
The Company has estimated that the amount of plasma subject to
this termination obligation approximates 17% of the agreed upon
quantity in any given year.
In November 2004, Inhibitex entered into an agreement with Lonza
Biologics PLC for the manufacture of Aurexis. Under the terms of
the agreement, Lonza has agreed to perform numerous process
development related services and manufacture two cGMP lots of
Aurexis for our use in future clinical trials. As of
December 31, 2004, Inhibitexs maximum purchase
commitments under this agreement through June 30, 2008,
were approximately 3.6 million pounds sterling or
$6.7 million. However, prior to June 30, 2005
Inhibitex can cancel the second cGMP lot without incurring any
financial obligations associated with that lot, in which case
Inhibitexs purchase commitments to Lonza would be reduced.
At this time, Inhibitex has not contracted with Lonza to
manufacture any additional lots of Aurexis. A change in contract
manufacturers for commercial lots may require further clinical
trials for Aurexis.
Capital Lease Obligations. In 2002, 2003 and 2004,
Inhibitex entered into capital lease transactions related to the
acquisition of certain laboratory and other equipment. The
amortization of assets acquired under these capital leases has
been recorded as depreciation expense. These capital leases bear
interest at a rate of 10.2% and expire at various dates from
March 2005 to November 2007. In connection with these capital
leases, the lessor was granted warrants to purchase 5,071
common shares at exercise price ranges of $6.78 to
$9.38 per share. These warrants were recorded at their
weighted average estimated fair value of $4.86 per share,
using the Black-Scholes method. This amount was recorded as
interest expense.
Future payments under capital lease agreements as of
December 31, 2004 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ending December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
$ |
363,897 |
|
2006
|
|
|
243,039 |
|
2007
|
|
|
110,832 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total future minimum lease payments
|
|
|
717,768 |
|
Less amount representing interest
|
|
|
(81,535 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Present value of future minimum lease payments
|
|
|
636,233 |
|
Less current portion of capital lease obligations
|
|
|
(315,043 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Long-term portion of capital lease obligations
|
|
$ |
321,190 |
|
|
|
|
|
Notes Payable. In January 1999, Inhibitex entered
into a loan and security agreement (the Security
Agreement) with a financial institution. Under the terms
of the Security Agreement, Inhibitex could borrow up to
$1,000,000 through December 31, 1999, evidenced by senior
secured promissory notes (the Senior Notes). In
February and June 1999, Inhibitex executed three Senior Notes in
the aggregate amount of $447,584 under the Security Agreement.
During 2003, two of the Senior Notes were repaid in
F-16
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
full. The outstanding balance of the Senior Notes at
December 31, 2003 and 2004 was $15,244 and $0,
respectively. The remaining balance was paid in full in April
2004. In conjunction with the Security Agreement, the financial
institution received a warrant to
purchase 20,000 shares of Series B Redeemable
Convertible Preferred Stock at an exercise price of
$1.50 per share. Using the Black-Scholes method, the
warrant was recorded at its estimated fair value of
$0.37 per share, assuming no dividend yield, expected life
of four years, risk-free interest rate of 5.64% and volatility
of 50%. The principal balance of the related promissory notes
was discounted in an amount equal to such value.
In April 1999, the Company issued two promissory notes to a
related party in connection with certain leasehold improvements.
The notes bear interest at 7% per annum. One note was
repaid in full in December 1999. Remaining monthly payments are
$3,799 through December 2005, and the outstanding balance as of
December 31, 2003 and 2004 was $84,852 and $43,906,
respectively. In connection with these promissory notes, the
Company issued a warrant to purchase 11,250 shares of
Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock at an
exercise price of $1.50 per share. Using the Black-Scholes
method, the warrant was recorded at its estimated fair value of
$0.59 per share, assuming no dividend yield, an expected
life of three years, risk-free interest rate 5.97% and
volatility of 50%. The principal balance of the related notes
was discounted in an amount equal to such value.
In February 2003, Inhibitex entered into a loan and security
agreement (the Loan Agreement) with a commercial
bank. In June 2003, the Company borrowed $2.5 million under
the Loan Agreement (Term Note) and paid two
interest-only payments in June and July 2003. Beginning August
2003, the Company began to make the first of 36 equal monthly
installments of principal of $69,444. The Term Note bears
interest at 6.5% per year. The outstanding balance of the
Term Note at December 31, 2003 and 2004 was $2,152,778 and
$1,319,445, respectively. The Loan Agreement is secured by all
unencumbered tangible assets of the Company.
Future minimum payments due under notes payable as of
December 31, 2004 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ending December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
$ |
877,239 |
|
2006 to 2009
|
|
|
486,112 |
|
2009 and after
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total future payments
|
|
$ |
1,363,351 |
|
|
|
|
|
In December 2004, the Company entered into an interest-free
$2.5 million credit facility with a local development
authority for laboratory-related leasehold improvements at the
Companys new research and headquarters facility. As of
December 31, 2004 no amounts were outstanding under this
facility.
At December 31, 2003 and 2004, Inhibitex had available net
operating loss (NOL) carry forwards of approximately
$58.9 million, and $84.9 million, respectively, which
will begin to expire in the year 2019. A portion of the
Companys existing NOL carryforwards relates to exercises
of non-qualified stock options. The tax benefit of which; when
utilized, will be recorded as an increase to shareholder equity.
Inhibitex also has approximately $657,000 and $866,000 of
research and development (R&D) tax credit carry
forwards as of December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively.
The NOL and R&D tax credit carry forwards are available to
offset future income taxes payable, if any. The Tax Reform Act
of 1986 contains provisions that may limit NOL and R&D tax
credit carry forwards available for use in any given year in the
event of significant changes in ownership interests, as defined.
F-17
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts
used for income tax purposes. Significant components of
Inhibitexs deferred tax asset are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Deferred tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating loss carry forwards
|
|
$ |
22,340,200 |
|
|
$ |
32,210,300 |
|
|
Research and development tax credit carry forwards
|
|
|
657,100 |
|
|
|
865,500 |
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
447,600 |
|
|
|
317,900 |
|
|
Other, net
|
|
|
235,200 |
|
|
|
320,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax assets
|
|
|
23,680,100 |
|
|
|
33,714,400 |
|
Less valuation allowance
|
|
|
(23,680,100 |
) |
|
|
(33,714,400 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax assets
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For financial reporting purposes, SFAS No. 109
requires that a valuation allowance be recorded to reduce the
balance of deferred income tax assets if it is more likely than
not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets
will not be realized in the future. Inhibitex has established a
full valuation allowance equal to the amount of its deferred tax
asset due to uncertainties with respect to the Companys
ability to generate sufficient taxable income in the future. The
valuation allowance increased by $10,034,300 from
December 31, 2003 to December 31, 2004.
|
|
9. |
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Warrants |
On June 3, 2004, Inhibitex completed an initial public
offering (IPO) of five million shares of its common stock
at an initial offering price to the public of $7.00 per
share, resulting in net proceeds of $30.8 million after
deducting underwriters commissions and related expenses.
Upon the closing of the IPO, all outstanding shares of preferred
stock, and accrued dividends thereon, were converted into
11,936,438 shares of common stock.
F-18
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table outlines redeemable convertible preferred
stock and related warrants as of December 31, 2002 and
2004, including its conversion to common stock as of
June 3, 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 |
|
|
| |
|
|
Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock,
$.001 par value; 2,600,000 and no shares authorized at
December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively;
2,288,670 shares and no issued and outstanding at
December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively
|
|
$ |
2,911,936 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock,
$.001 par value; 8,000,000 shares authorized and
5,576,240 shares issued and outstanding at
December 31, 2003 and no shares authorized, issued or
outstanding at December 31, 2004, respectively
|
|
|
20,073,240 |
|
|
|
|
|
Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock,
$.001 par value; 17,500,000 shares and no shares
authorized at December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively;
11,420,794 and no shares issued and outstanding at
December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively
|
|
|
49,864,860 |
|
|
|
|
|
Series E redeemable convertible preferred stock,
$.001 par value; 9,600,000 shares and no shares
authorized at December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively;
5,087,740 shares and no shares issued and outstanding at
December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively
|
|
|
18,192,203 |
|
|
|
|
|
Subscription receivable for purchase of Series E redeemable
convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
(1,499,997 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
6,065,467 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total redeemable convertible preferred stock and Warrants
|
|
$ |
95,607,709 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During 1997, the Company issued 644,340 shares of
Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
(Series B) for $750,012 in cash. During 1998,
the Company issued an additional 1,644,330 shares of
Series B for $2,250,000 in cash.
In April and June 2000, the Company issued an aggregate of
2,300,329 shares of Series C Redeemable Convertible
Preferred Stock (Series C) for total
consideration of $6,555,938, which included the conversion of
$2,000,000 in bridge loans, accrued interest of $124,576, and
cash proceeds of $4,431,365. In October and November 2000, the
Company sold an additional 3,275,911 shares of
Series C for total cash consideration of $9,336,346.
In February, March and April 2002, the Company issued an
aggregate of 11,420,794 shares of Series D Redeemable
Convertible Preferred Stock (Series D) and
warrants to purchase 2,855,200 shares of Series D
for total cash consideration of $44,997,928. Net proceeds to the
Company, after legal and other issuance costs, were $44,746,579.
The total proceeds were allocated between Series D and the
related warrants based on their relative fair values. The amount
allocated to the warrants was $4,140,040, which was recorded as
a discount to Series D. This discount is being accreted to
the Series D on a straight-line basis through April 6,
2006, the date that Series D becomes redeemable. The
accretion is recorded in the statement of operations to arrive
at the net loss attributable to common stockholders.
In connection with the Series D financing, in February 2002
the Board of Directors approved three additional series of
preferred stock Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (the
Series B-1), Series C-1 Convertible
Preferred Stock (the Series C-1), and
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (the
Series D-1). The Company is authorized to issue
up to 2,600,000 shares of Series B-1,
8,000,000 shares of Series C-1 and
17,500,000 shares of Series D-1. Series B-1,
Series C-1 and Series D-1 have the same
F-19
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
rights and preferences as the Series B, Series C and
Series D, respectively, except for certain provisions
relating to anti-dilution rights and rights of first refusal
with respect to additional issuances of equity securities. No
shares of this series of preferred stock were outstanding as of
December 31, 2002, 2003, and 2004.
In December 2003, the Company issued an aggregate of
5,087,740 shares of Series E Redeemable Convertible
Preferred Stock (Series E) and warrants to
purchase 1,271,930 shares of Series E for total
cash consideration of $20,045,696. Net proceeds to the Company,
after legal and other issuance costs, were $19,972,511. Of this
amount, $1,499,997 was recorded as a subscription receivable at
December 31, 2003, as these proceeds were not received by
the Company until January 5, 2004. The total proceeds were
allocated between Series E and the related warrants based
on their relative fair values. The amount allocated to the
warrants was $1,806,141, which was recorded as a discount to
Series E. This discount is being accreted to Series E
on a straight-line basis through April 6, 2006, the date
the Series E becomes redeemable. The accretion is recorded
in the statement of operations to arrive at the net loss
attributable to common stockholders.
In connection with the Series E financing, in December 2003
the Board of Directors approved an additional series of
preferred stock, Series E-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
(the Series E-1). The Company is authorized to
issue up to 9,600,000 shares of Series E and
Series E-1. Series E-1 has the same rights and
preferences as Series E, except for certain provisions
relating to anti-dilution rights and rights of first refusal
with respect to additional issuances of equity securities. No
shares of this series of preferred stock were outstanding as of
December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004.
Voting Rights. All holders of redeemable convertible
preferred stock have voting rights equal to the number of shares
of common stock into which the respective preferred stock is
convertible.
Dividends. Dividends on Series B are payable when
and as declared by the Board of Directors. Dividends on
Series C and D are cumulative and accrue at the rate of
8% per annum from the date of issuance through the earlier
of: (i) the date on which the liquidation value is paid in
connection with the liquidation of the Company or redemption of
such shares; (ii) the date on which such shares are
converted, or (iii) the date on which such shares are
otherwise acquired by the Company. Dividends on Series C
and D are also convertible into shares of Series C and D at
their respective liquidation values per share. All dividends
have been accrued and included in the carrying value of the
respective redeemable convertible preferred stock in the
accompanying balance sheets. As of December 31, 2003, the
Company had accrued cumulative preferred stock dividends of
$11,064,505, which were convertible into 1,354,279 of preferred
stock, respectively. As of December 31, 2004 the
outstanding shares of preferred stock, and accrued dividends
thereon, were converted into common stock upon the initial
public offering. No dividends have been declared by the Board of
Directors, or paid by the Company.
F-20
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Liquidation. Upon a liquidation event, which includes a
liquidation, dissolution, winding-up of the Company, or a
merger, consolidation or reorganization of the Company that
results in the transfer of 50% or more of the outstanding voting
power of the Company or a sale of substantially all the assets
of the Company, the holders of Series B, Series C,
Series D and Series E are entitled to, prior and in
preference to any other stockholders, a liquidation preference
distribution of their respective liquidation values plus all
accrued but unpaid dividends or if greater, the amount per share
as would have been payable had each share of preferred stock
been converted in the Companys common stock prior to a
liquidation event. The liquidation value of Series B issued
before July 2, 1998 and on or after July 2, 1998 is
$1.164 and $1.50 per share, respectively. The liquidation
value of Series C issued on or before June 8, 2000 and
after June 8, 2000 is $5.70 and $2.85 per share,
respectively. The liquidation value of Series D and E is
$3.94 per share. The following table summarizes the
liquidations preferences of convertible redeemable preferred
stock:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
Series B
|
|
$ |
3,000,012 |
|
Series C
|
|
|
26,722,817 |
|
Series D
|
|
|
51,787,839 |
|
Series E
|
|
|
20,045,695 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
101,556,363 |
|
|
|
|
|
Conversion. The holders of Series B, Series C,
Series D, and Series E may convert at any time shares
of their preferred stock into common stock on a one-for-one
basis subject to certain adjustments including dilutive
issuances, adjustments or splits, as defined. Upon the
effectuation of the 1-for-2.38 reverse stock split, the
conversion ratio of Series B, Series C, Series D,
and Series E was adjusted to approximately 0.42 shares
of common stock for each share of redeemable convertible
preferred stock. As of June 3, 2004 the outstanding shares
of preferred stock were converted into common stock upon the
initial public offering.
Redemption. At any time after April 6, 2006, the
holders of Series B, Series C, Series D and
Series E have the option to require Inhibitex to redeem any
or all of their respective outstanding shares of redeemable
preferred stock. If so elected, the redemption price for each
share of preferred stock is the original purchase price paid for
such stock as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, or
other recapitalizations, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends.
Prior to the Series E financing in December 2003, the
holders of Series B, Series C and Series D could
redeem their preferred stock at any time after April 6,
2005. As of June 3, 2004 the outstanding shares of
preferred stock were converted into common stock upon the
initial public offering.
Preferred Stock Warrants. The preferred stock issuable
upon the exercise of outstanding warrants to purchase shares of
the Companys redeemable convertible preferred stock shall
convert into common stock based upon a conversion rate of one to
one, adjusted for the 1-for-2.38 reverse stock split. The
warrants were converted to common stock warrants upon the
Companys initial public offering on June 3, 2004.
F-21
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table outlines outstanding warrants to purchase
preferred stock at December 31, 2003.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise Price | |
|
Number of Shares of | |
|
|
per Share | |
|
Preferred Stock | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Series B
|
|
$ |
1.50 |
|
|
|
222,328 |
|
Series C
|
|
|
2.85 |
|
|
|
5,119 |
|
Series D
|
|
|
3.94-5.91 |
|
|
|
2,860,317 |
|
Series E
|
|
|
5.91 |
|
|
|
1,271,930 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,359,694 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrants to purchase shares of redeemable preferred stock issued
in connection with notes payable and capital leases are
described in Note 7.
In connection with bridge loans provided to the Company in March
and August 1999, the Company issued warrants to purchase a total
of 170,000 shares of Series B at an exercise price of
$1.50 per share. The warrants became exercisable on
December 31, 1999 and expire on June 19, 2004. Using
the Black-Scholes method, the warrants have been recorded at
their estimated fair value of $0.53 to $0.59 per share,
assuming no dividend yield, risk-free rates ranging from 5.19%
to 5.97%, expected life of three years and volatility of 50%.
In connection with another bridge loan provided to the Company
in March 2000, the Company issued warrants to purchase a total
of 40,000 shares of Series B at an exercise price of
$1.50 per share. The warrants became exercisable on
May 15, 2000 and expire on June 19, 2004. Using the
Black-Scholes method, the warrants have been recorded at their
estimated fair value of $0.69 per share, assuming no
dividend yield, risk-free interest rate of 6.43%, expected life
of four years and volatility of 50%.
In connection with the issuance of shares of Series D in
February, March and April 2002, the Company issued warrants to
purchase 2,855,200 shares of Series D at an
exercise price of $5.91 per share. The warrants may be
exercised at any time by the holders through February 7,
2007. The warrants have been recorded at their estimated fair
value of $1.45 per share using the Black-Scholes method
assuming no dividend yield, risk-free interest rate of 4.3%,
expected life of five years, and volatility of 50%. The
Series D was discounted by an amount equal to such value.
In connection with the issuance of Series E in December
2003, the Company issued warrants to purchase a total of
1,271,930 shares of Series E at an exercise price of
$5.91 per share. The warrants may be exercised at any time
through December 19, 2008. The warrants have been recorded
at their estimated fair value of $1.42 per share using the
Black-Scholes method assuming no dividend yield, risk-free
interest rate of 3.7%, expected life of five years, and
volatility of 50%. The Series E was discounted by an amount
equal to such value.
During the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 the
Company recorded aggregate accretion related to warrants and
preferred dividends of $5,625,804, $6,201,116 and $2,823,160,
respectively.
|
|
10. |
Stockholders (Deficit) Equity |
Convertible Preferred Stock. On January 3, 1996, the
Company issued 216,000 shares of Series A Preferred
Stock (Series A) for total consideration of
$540,000, which included the conversion of a $220,000 bridge
loan and $320,000 in cash consideration (the Series A
Financing).
Series A is convertible into common stock at the option of
the holder, or automatically upon the completion of a qualified
initial public offering of the Companys common stock. The
initial conversion
F-22
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
rate for Series A is one to one, which is to be adjusted in
the event of a subdivision or combination of the stock or a
reorganization, dividend, consolidation, merger or sale of the
Company or sale of additional shares of common stock for
consideration less than the original purchase price of the
Series A. The Series A conversion rate was adjusted to
0.42 shares of common stock for each share of
Series A, upon effectuation of the 1-for-2.38 reverse stock
split. Dividends on Series A are payable when and as
declared by the Board of Directors. In the event of a
liquidation of the Company, the Series A stockholders are
entitled to receive, prior to and in preference to the common
stockholders, an amount equal to the Series A liquidation
value. The liquidation value of Series A shares is
$1.164 per share plus all declared and accrued but unpaid
dividends. As of December 31, 2003 the liquidation value
was $251,424. The holders of Series A have voting rights
equal to the number of shares of common stock into which the
shares are convertible. The holders of Series A and common
stock (voting as a class) may elect one director. As of
June 3, 2004, outstanding shares of Series A were
converted into common stock upon the initial public offering.
Common Stock. As of December 31, 2003 and 2004, the
Company is authorized to issue 43,100,000, and
75,000,0000 shares of common stock, respectively. Each
holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of
common stock held of record on all matters on which stockholders
generally are entitled to vote.
Our Board of Directors adopted, and our stockholders approved as
of February 20, 2004, our 2004 Employee Stock Purchase
Plan, or the Purchase Plan. The purpose of the Purchase Plan is
to provide an opportunity for our employees to purchase a
proprietary interest in us. The Purchase Plan is administered by
a committee appointed by the Board of Directors for such
purpose. The Board of Directors has appointed our compensation
committee to administer the Purchase Plan. A total of
210,084 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance
under the Purchase Plan as of December 31, 2004. Employees
who are customarily employed for more than 20 hours per
week and for more than five months in any calendar year and have
been so employed for a six-month period are eligible to
participate in the Purchase Plan. Employees who would own 5% or
more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes
of our stock immediately after the grant may not participate in
the purchase plan. The Purchase Plan is intended to qualify
under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code and provides
for quarterly purchase periods. The first such purchase period
commenced on October 1, 2004 and will end on
December 31, 2004. The Purchase Plan permits participants
to purchase common stock through payroll deductions of up to 25%
of their eligible base salary. For any calendar year, a
participant may not be granted rights to purchase shares to the
extent the fair market value of such shares exceeds $25,000.
Amounts deducted and accumulated by the participant are used to
purchase shares of our common stock at the end of each quarterly
purchase period. The purchase price per share is 85% of the
lower of the fair market value of our common stock at the
beginning of a purchase period or at the end of a purchase
period. An employees participation ends automatically upon
termination of employment with us. A participant may not
transfer rights to purchase our common stock under the Purchase
Plan other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution.
In the event of a change of control, no further shares shall be
available under the Purchase Plan, but all payroll deductions
scheduled for collection in that purchase period will be
immediately applied to purchase whole shares of our common
stock. Our Board of Directors has the authority to amend or
terminate the Purchase Plan, except that, subject to certain
exceptions described in the Purchase Plan, no such action may
adversely affect any outstanding rights to purchase stock under
the Purchase Plan and the Board of Directors may not increase
the number of shares available under the Purchase Plan, or amend
the requirements as to the eligible class of employees, without
stockholder approval.
On June 3, 2004, Inhibitex completed an initial public
offering (IPO) of five million shares of its common stock
at an initial offering price to the public of $7.00 per
share, resulting in net proceeds of $30.8 million
F-23
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
after deducting underwriters commissions and related
expenses. Upon the closing of the IPO, all outstanding shares of
preferred stock, and accrued dividends thereon, were converted
into 11,936,438 shares of common stock. On July 8,
2004 in connection with the underwriters exercise of the
over-allotment option on the IPO, an additional
527,000 shares of common stock were issued at an initial
offering price to the public of $7.00 per share, resulting
in net proceeds of $3.0 million after deducting
underwriters commissions and related expenses.
On November 10, 2004, the Company completed a private
placement in public entity or PIPE financing in which it raised
$47.7 million in net proceeds through the sale, at a price
of $7.3775 per share, of 6,777,370 shares of its
common stock and warrants to purchase 2,033,211 shares
of its common stock. The warrants, which become exercisable on
May 9, 2005 and expire November 10, 2009, have an
exercise price of $8.81 per share. The shares and warrants
were offered and sold only to institutional and accredited
investors. The Company filed a registration statement with the
SEC in order to register the sale and resale of the common stock
issued in the PIPE, and issuable upon the exercise of the
related warrants.
The Company had reserved shares of common stock for issuance as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Common stock options
|
|
|
1,338,452 |
|
|
|
1,283,106 |
|
Conversion of Series A
|
|
|
90,758 |
|
|
|
|
|
Conversion of Series B
|
|
|
961,635 |
|
|
|
|
|
Conversion of Series C
|
|
|
2,342,968 |
|
|
|
|
|
Conversion of Series D
|
|
|
4,798,638 |
|
|
|
|
|
Conversion of Series E
|
|
|
2,137,712 |
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends accrued on Series C and D
|
|
|
1,354,279 |
|
|
|
|
|
Warrants to purchase shares of common stock
|
|
|
1,838,118 |
|
|
|
3,838,588 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
14,862,560 |
|
|
|
5,121,694 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 Equity Ownership Plan. In May 1998, the Board of
Directors approved the 1998 Equity Ownership Plan (the
Plan), which provided for the grant of stock options
to directors, officers, employees and consultants. Under the
Plan, both incentive stock options and non-qualified stock
options, among other equity related awards, could be granted.
The Board of Directors determined the term and vesting dates of
all options at their grant date, provided that such price shall
not be less than the fair market value of the Companys
stock on the date of grant. Under the Plan, the maximum term for
an option grant is 10 years from the grant date, and
options generally vest ratably over a period of four years from
the grant date. As of December 31, 2003 and 2004, there
were 421,023 and 188,262 options outstanding under the Plan to
purchase the Companys common stock, respectively. Upon the
adoption of the 2002 Stock Incentive Plan (2002
Plan) as discussed below, no additional grants of stock
options or equity awards were authorized under the 1998 Equity
Ownership Plan. All options outstanding under the Plan will
remain in full force and effect until they expire or are
exercised. However, future forfeitures of any stock options
granted under the 1998 Equity Ownership Plan are added to the
number of shares available under the 2002 Plan.
2004 Stock Incentive Plan and 2002 Non-Employee Directors
Stock Option Plan. In February 2002, the Board of Directors
approved the 2002 Plan, which provided for the grant of
incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options and other
equity related awards to employees, contractors and consultants
of the Company. At that time, the Company also adopted the 2002
Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan
F-24
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(the Director Plan) which provided for the grant of
non-qualified stock options and other equity related awards to
non-employee members of the Board of Directors. On
February 20, 2004, the Board of Directors amended the 2002
Plan and the Director Plan, whereby the 2002 Plan was renamed
the 2004 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2004 Plan). The
2004 Plan was further modified to provide for option grants to
non-employee directors and 1,420,180 shares of common stock
were added to the number of reserved shares. Upon the adoption
of the 2004 Plan, no further options were authorized to be
granted under the Director Plan.
The 2004 Plan and the Director Plan are administered by the
compensation committee of the Board of Directors, which has the
authority to select the individuals to whom awards are to be
granted, the number of shares granted, and the vesting schedule.
As of December 31, 2004, an aggregate of 2,476,463 shares
of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2004 Plan
and the Director Plan, respectively. Under the 2004 Plan and
Director Plan, the maximum term for an option grant is ten and
six years from the grant date, respectively. Options granted
under the 2004 Plan and Director Plan generally vest ratably
over a period of four years and three years, respectively, from
the grant date. As of December 31, 2003, there were 867,007
outstanding options to purchase the Companys common stock
and 207,197 options available for grant under the 2004 Plan. As
of December 31, 2004, there were 1,080,872 outstanding
options to purchase the Companys common stock and
1,395,591 options available for grant under the 2004 Plan. As of
December 31, 2003 and 2004, there were 50,422 and 66,804
outstanding options to purchase the Companys common stock
and 54,622 and no options available for grant under the Director
Plan, respectively.
F-25
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following is a summary of all stock option activity and
related information related to all the Companys stock
option plans, and 35,000 shares issued outside these plans,
from inception of such plans through the period ended
December 31, 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average | |
|
|
Number of | |
|
Exercise Price | |
|
Exercise Price | |
|
|
Shares | |
|
per Share | |
|
per Share | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Granted during 1998
|
|
|
51,666 |
|
|
$ |
0.24 |
|
|
$ |
0.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 1998
|
|
|
51,666 |
|
|
|
0.24 |
|
|
|
0.24 |
|
Granted
|
|
|
66,814 |
|
|
|
0.29-0.36 |
|
|
|
0.31 |
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(1,787 |
) |
|
|
0.24 |
|
|
|
0.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 1999
|
|
|
116,693 |
|
|
|
0.24-0.36 |
|
|
|
0.29 |
|
Granted
|
|
|
306,066 |
|
|
|
0.29-0.68 |
|
|
|
0.38 |
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(7,673 |
) |
|
|
0.24-0.36 |
|
|
|
0.29 |
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
(8,301 |
) |
|
|
0.29 |
|
|
|
0.29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2000
|
|
|
406,785 |
|
|
|
0.24-0.68 |
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
Granted
|
|
|
208,959 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(44,816 |
) |
|
|
0.24-0.68 |
|
|
|
0.29 |
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
(16,284 |
) |
|
|
0.24-0.68 |
|
|
|
0.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2001
|
|
|
554,644 |
|
|
|
0.24-0.68 |
|
|
|
0.48 |
|
Granted
|
|
|
639,981 |
|
|
|
0.68-1.90 |
|
|
|
1.90 |
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(47,432 |
) |
|
|
0.24-0.68 |
|
|
|
0.38 |
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
(61,429 |
) |
|
|
0.24-1.90 |
|
|
|
0.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2002
|
|
|
1,085,764 |
|
|
|
0.24-1.90 |
|
|
|
1.31 |
|
Granted
|
|
|
285,555 |
|
|
|
1.90 |
|
|
|
1.90 |
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(22,857 |
) |
|
|
0.24-1.90 |
|
|
|
0.83 |
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
(10,010 |
) |
|
|
0.29-1.90 |
|
|
|
1.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2003
|
|
|
1,338,452 |
|
|
|
0.24-1.90 |
|
|
|
1.43 |
|
Granted
|
|
|
285,836 |
|
|
|
2.86-9.38 |
|
|
|
8.72 |
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(309,965 |
) |
|
|
0.24-1.90 |
|
|
|
0.83 |
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
(31,217 |
) |
|
|
0.29-9.38 |
|
|
|
4.99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2004
|
|
|
1,283,106 |
|
|
|
0.24-9.38 |
|
|
|
3.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-26
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following tables summarize information relating to
outstanding and exercisable options as of December 31, 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Outstanding | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average | |
|
|
|
Exercisable | |
|
|
|
|
Remaining | |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Number of | |
|
Contractual Life | |
|
Weighted Average | |
|
Number of | |
|
Weighted Average | |
Exercise Prices |
|
Shares | |
|
(In Years) | |
|
Exercise Price | |
|
Shares | |
|
Exercise Price | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
$0.24
|
|
|
10,731 |
|
|
|
3.41 |
|
|
$ |
0.24 |
|
|
|
10,731 |
|
|
$ |
0.24 |
|
0.29
|
|
|
57,535 |
|
|
|
4.93 |
|
|
|
0.29 |
|
|
|
57,535 |
|
|
|
0.29 |
|
0.36
|
|
|
13,972 |
|
|
|
4.35 |
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
13,972 |
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
0.68
|
|
|
126,299 |
|
|
|
5.94 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
|
|
81,875 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
1.90
|
|
|
802,076 |
|
|
|
3.61 |
|
|
|
1.90 |
|
|
|
301,957 |
|
|
|
1.90 |
|
5.75-7.23
|
|
|
37,900 |
|
|
|
5.42-5.84 |
|
|
|
5.75-7.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.38
|
|
|
234,593 |
|
|
|
5.20 |
|
|
|
9.38 |
|
|
|
5,967 |
|
|
|
9.38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,283,106 |
|
|
|
4.26 |
|
|
|
3.18 |
|
|
|
472,037 |
|
|
|
1.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company applies the measurement principles of APB
No. 25 in accounting for stock options granted to its
employees and directors.
|
|
12. |
Research and License Agreements |
As of December 31, 2004 the Company has entered into a
number of license and collaborative agreements with various
institutions to obtain intellectual property rights and patents
relating to MSCRAMM proteins, and its product candidates.
Inhibitex has also entered into an exclusive worldwide license
and collaboration agreement with Wyeth with respect to its use
of the MSCRAMM proteins to develop staphylococcal vaccines. The
significant arrangements are described further below.
Texas A&M University Health Science Center. Inhibitex
has licensed, on an exclusive basis, from the Texas A&M
University System a number of issued United States patents,
related United States divisional applications and foreign
counterpart applications directed to one of the MSCRAMM proteins
that the Companys lead product candidate, Veronate,
targets. Texas A&M may terminate the license if the Company
fails to use commercially reasonable efforts to bring product
candidates to market. Inhibitex may terminate the license
without cause upon 60 days written notice. Otherwise, this
agreement will terminate upon the expiration of all of the
licensed patents. Currently, the latest to expire of the issued
patents under the license agreement expires in 2019. The Company
has agreed to pay Texas A&M a royalty based on net sales for
any products sold utilizing these patents. Pursuant to these
agreements, the Company has paid Texas A&M approximately
$1.3 million of sponsored research payments as of
December 31, 2004. The Company has no future minimum
royalty or milestone obligations pursuant to these agreements.
However, if the Company does not continue to pay sponsored
research payments to Texas A&M, it will be obligated to pay
a minimum royalty of $25,000 annually. The Companys
obligation to pay sponsored research payments terminates in
November 2005.
BioResearch Ireland (BRI)/ Trinity College Dublin.
Inhibitex has also obtained a license from BioResearch Ireland
(BRI) under certain patents and related applications
licensed to it from Texas A&M, as described above.
Scientists from both Texas A&M and BRI are co-inventors on
these applications. The license also covers pending
international applications. BRI may terminate the license if
Inhibitex fails to use commercially reasonable efforts to bring
one or more products that use the licensed technology to market.
Otherwise, this license will terminate upon the expiration of
the licensed patents.
F-27
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Currently, the latest to expire of the issued patents under the
license agreement expires in 2019. BRI is entitled to a royalty
on the net sales of products sold utilizing these patents.
Pursuant to these agreements, the Company has paid BRI
approximately $382,000 through December 31, 2004. The
Company has no future minimum royalty or milestone obligations
pursuant to these agreements.
Wyeth. In August 2001, Inhibitex entered into an
exclusive worldwide license and development collaboration
agreement with Wyeth for the development of staphylococcal
vaccines for humans. Under the terms of this agreement,
Inhibitex granted Wyeth an exclusive worldwide license to its
MSCRAMM protein intellectual property with respect to human
vaccines against staphylococcal organisms. The development,
manufacture and sale of any products resulting from the
collaboration are the responsibility of Wyeth. Inhibitex may
terminate the agreement if Wyeth fails to use reasonable
commercial efforts to bring related products to market. Wyeth
may terminate the agreement, without cause, upon six months
notice. Otherwise, this agreement will terminate upon the
expiration of all of the licensed patents. Currently, the latest
to expire of the issued patents under the license agreement
expires in 2019.
Pursuant to this agreement, Inhibitex has received
$3.8 million in an upfront license fee and annual research
support payments from Wyeth as of December 31, 2004. The
Company is also entitled to receive milestones upon the filing
of an IND, the commencement of both Phase II and
Phase III clinical trials, the filing of a BLA, and FDA
approval of a licensed product. If all such milestones are
achieved relative to one or more licensed products, the Company
would be entitled to receive a minimum of $10.0 million in
milestone payments from Wyeth. The maximum milestone payments
the Company could receive with respect to all licensed products
are $15.5 million. Finally, the Company is also entitled to
royalties on net sales of licensed products manufactured, sold
or distributed by Wyeth.
Dyax Corp.
In October 2004, Inhibitex entered into a collaboration
agreement with Dyax Corp. to co-develop monoclonal antibodies to
prevent or treat serious infections caused by enterococci. Under
the terms of the agreement, Inhibitex and Dyax have agreed to
collaborate and share in the costs to perform preclinical
research and development activities intended to identify and
select a fully human monoclonal antibody, or antibodies, against
MSCRAMM proteins located on the surface of enterococci, that
Inhibitex and Dyax would jointly advance into clinical trials.
During this preclinical phase, Inhibitex and Dyax are only
responsible for our respective internal development costs.
Accordingly, neither party is responsible to make any upfront
payments to the other party, nor is either party obligated to
make future milestone or royalty payments to the other party at
this time. Inhibitexs internal development costs are
expected to consist largely of salaries and other
personnel-related costs associated with existing employees,
certain supplies; and other costs, such as travel and
entertainment, associated with supporting existing employees. If
at the end of the collaborative preclinical development
activities, Inhibitex and Dyax mutually agree to advance one or
more human monoclonal antibodies into clinical trials, Inhibitex
and Dyax will continue to share in the clinical development
costs of any such product candidates. The agreement also
contemplates that Inhibitex and Dyax would share in the
commercialization rights and profits from any approved and
marketed products resulting from the collaboration. In the event
that the parties mutually agree that the collaboration has been
unable to identify a suitable monoclonal antibody to advance
into clinical development, the collaboration agreement will
immediately and automatically terminate without any further
obligations to either party. Otherwise, this agreement can only
be terminated during the initial preclinical development phase
upon the mutual consent of both parties, or by one party in the
event that the other party has committed a material breach, or
filed for insolvency or bankruptcy.
Other Agreements. The following five agreements relate to
intellectual property associated with the production of
monoclonal antibodies that the Company has in-licensed.
F-28
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In November 2001, Inhibitex entered into a research evaluation
and worldwide non-exclusive license agreement with Lonza
Biologics for intellectual property and materials relating to
the expression of recombinant monoclonal antibodies to bacterial
surface proteins for use in the manufacture of Aurexis. Under
the terms of the agreement, Inhibitex agreed to pay an annual
fee and a royalty on the net sales of any products that it may
sell that utilize this technology. Inhibitex may terminate the
agreement upon 60 days notice. The agreement terminates
upon the expiration of the last valid patent or 15 years,
whichever is longer. Currently, the latest to expire of the
issued patents under the license agreement expires in 2016.
Pursuant to this agreement, the Company has paid Lonza $693,000
as of December 31, 2004.
In June 2003, Inhibitex obtained a non-exclusive, worldwide
royalty-bearing license from Genentech for a patent relating to
the production of monoclonal antibodies for use in the
manufacture of Aurexis. Under the agreement, the Company agreed
to pay Genentech an up-front license fee and it is further
obligated to pay a milestone payment upon the approval of
Aurexis and a royalty on the sale of any of its products that
utilize the underlying technology. Inhibitex may terminate this
agreement without cause upon 90 days notice. Otherwise,
this license will terminate upon the expiration of the patent,
which will occur in 2018 if not extended. Pursuant to this
agreement, the Company has paid $500,000 to Genentech as of
December 31, 2004. The Companys aggregate future
payments under this agreement are $5.0 million, of which
most is payable if Aurexis is approved for sale by the FDA.
In July 2003, Inhibitex obtained a non-exclusive, worldwide
royalty-bearing license from the University of Iowa for patents
relating to technology used in the expression of recombinant
proteins for use in the manufacture of Aurexis. Under this
agreement, the Company has paid the University of Iowa an
up-front license fee of $35,000 and it is obligated to make
annual payments of $35,000 per year. The Company also
agreed to pay a milestone payment of $40,000 for each of the
first four license related products to receive FDA approval and
a royalty on the sale of any of its products that utilize the
underlying technology. The Company may terminate this agreement
at any time. Otherwise, this license will terminate upon the
expiration of the patents, which will be 2009 and 2012,
respectively.
In March 2004, the Company obtained a non-exclusive, worldwide
royalty bearing license from the National Institutes of Health
(NIH) for patent applications relating to the humanization
of monoclonal antibodies. Under this agreement, the Company
agreed to pay an up-front license fee, a minimum annual royalty
of $25,000 per year, milestone payments and a royalty on
the sale of any of its products that would otherwise infringe
any patent that may issue from the pending applications. For any
product covered by this license, the milestone payments are
based upon the filing of an IND, the first subject enrolled in a
Phase II and Phase III trial, the filing of a BLA and
upon the approval of a BLA by the FDA. The Company may terminate
this agreement upon 60 days notice. Otherwise, this
agreement terminates upon the expiration of the patent, which
will occur in 2011 if not extended. Pursuant to this agreement,
the Company has paid $259,000 to the NIH as of December 31,
2004. If Aurexis is approved for sale by the FDA, the
Companys total future payments to the NIH under this
agreement related to the up-front license fee and milestone
payments would be approximately $900,000 in the aggregate.
In April 2004, the Company obtained an exclusive, worldwide
royalty bearing license from the Biostapro AB for patent
applications relating to the staphylococcal proteins. Under this
agreement, the Company agreed to pay an up-front license fee, a
milestone payment, and a royalty on the net sale of products
utilizing the underlying technology. The milestone payment is
based on the marketing approval of a BLA by the FDA. The Company
may terminate this agreement upon 90 days notice.
Otherwise, this agreement terminates upon the expiration of the
patent. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company has paid
$350,000 to the Biostapro AB as of December 31, 2004. The
Companys aggregate future payments under this agreement
are $800,000.
F-29
INHIBITEX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
13. |
Employee Benefit Plan |
Inhibitex sponsors a 401(k) plan for the benefit of its
employees that is a defined contribution plan intended to
qualify under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended. Eligible employees may make pre-tax
contributions to the 401(k) plan of up to 20% of their eligible
earnings, subject to the statutorily prescribed annual limit.
The 401(k) plan permits the Company to make discretionary
matching and profit sharing contributions. The Companys
contributions to the plan were approximately, $112,000, $108,000
and $138,000 in 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively. Under the
401(k) plan, each employee is fully vested in his or her
deferred salary contributions. The Companys contributions
vest over a three-year period.
|
|
14. |
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) |
The following table presents unaudited quarterly financial data
of the Company. The Companys quarterly results of
operations for these periods are not necessarily indicative of
future results.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Loss | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Attributable | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
to Common | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Loss | |
|
Stockholders | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Attributable | |
|
per Share | |
|
|
|
|
Loss from | |
|
|
|
to Common | |
|
Basic and | |
|
|
Revenue | |
|
Operations | |
|
Net Loss | |
|
Stockholders | |
|
Diluted | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Year Ended December 31, 2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
$ |
225,000 |
|
|
$ |
(4,716,231 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,647,137 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,195,560 |
) |
|
$ |
(11.95 |
) |
Second Quarter
|
|
|
225,000 |
|
|
|
(6,235,947 |
) |
|
|
(6,206,087 |
) |
|
|
(7,754,510 |
) |
|
|
(14.78 |
) |
Third Quarter
|
|
|
183,333 |
|
|
|
(6,055,302 |
) |
|
|
(6,054,360 |
) |
|
|
(7,602,782 |
) |
|
|
(14.35 |
) |
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
462,500 |
|
|
|
(5,644,833 |
) |
|
|
(5,425,437 |
) |
|
|
(6,981,285 |
) |
|
|
(13.10 |
) |
Year Ended December 31, 2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
|
162,500 |
|
|
|
(4,824,717 |
) |
|
|
(4,821,569 |
) |
|
|
(6,422,907 |
) |
|
|
(10.74 |
) |
Second Quarter
|
|
|
162,500 |
|
|
|
(6,836,401 |
) |
|
|
(6,812,096 |
) |
|
|
(8,033,918 |
) |
|
|
(1.72 |
) |
Third Quarter
|
|
|
162,500 |
|
|
|
(6,227,876 |
) |
|
|
(6,069,880 |
) |
|
|
(6,069,880 |
) |
|
|
(.33 |
) |
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
162,500 |
|
|
|
(8,555,270 |
) |
|
|
(8,207,950 |
) |
|
|
(8,207,950 |
) |
|
|
(.37 |
) |
|
|
15. |
Short-Term Investments |
Short-term investments consist of debt securities classified as
available-for-sale and have maturities greater than 90 days
from the date of acquisition. Inhibitex has invested in
corporate notes and commercial paper, all of which have a
minimum investment rating of A1/P1, and government agency notes.
Inhibitex had no realized gains or losses from the sale of
investments for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003.
The cumulative unrealized (loss) gains were $(14,086) and
$(1,579) at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The
following table summarizes the estimated fair value of
Inhibitexs short-term investments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Estimated Fair | |
|
|
Market Value | |
|
|
| |
Government agency notes
|
|
$ |
6,485,115 |
|
Corporate notes
|
|
|
8,142,552 |
|
Commercial paper
|
|
|
996,220 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$ |
15,623,887 |
|
|
|
|
|
All available-for-sale securities held at December 31, 2004
will mature during 2005.
F-30